Big Medical Data and Medical AI Standards: Status Quo, Opportunities and Challenges

Big medical data and medical artificial intelligence (AI) not only have the great potential for improving the utilization of medical resources and the quality of medical service, but also pose challenges to privacy protection and technical risks. Standards are the consensus and norms for constructing, evaluating, and applying new technologies. The clinical application of big medical data and medical AI urgently needs regulations on data, systems, measurement standards, and codes of practice for evaluating new technologies. This paper defines big medical data and medical AI standards, including data-related standards, public datasets, benchmarks, codes of practice, and summarizes state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice of big medical data and medical AI standards. While looking forward to the development prospect of big medical data and medical AI, we propose an innovative architecture consisting of big-data-and-AI-enhanced medical information systems and the big medical science infrastructure.