Abstract: Timely recanalization of blocked coronary arteries is the key to reduce the mortality of acute myocardial infarction, but reperfusion may cause secondary injury to ischemic myocardium, namely myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MIRI). Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the whole process of MIRI by promoting cardiomyocyte scortosis, proinflammatory effects of cascade amplification and destruction of myocardial vascular endothelial cells, which has attracted extensive clinical attention. At the same time, related studies on NLRP3 inflammasome and its regulatory factors as drug targets are in full flow, which is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.