Value of Dynamic Combined Monitoring of Serum Amyloid A Protein, Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cell-1, and D-Dimer in Evaluating the Prognosis of Patients with Sepsis:A Prospective Nested Case-control Study

  Objective  The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1(sTREM-1), and D-Dimer in the evaluation of prognosis of sepsis.

  Methods  From January 2018 to February 2019, patients with sepsis who were prospectively included in the ICU of Hainan Provincial People's Hospital were tested for the levels of SAA, sTREM-1, D-Dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT).Patients' acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores were recorded. The patients who died within 28 days after the diagnosis of sepsis were included in the study group (death group), otherwise the septic patients were included in the control group (survival group). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation of each index with the prognosis of patients and the evaluation value.

  Results  A total of 82 patients with sepsis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for this study, 51 males and 31 females, with an average age of (68.17±9.94) years. There were 30 cases in the death group and 52 cases in the survival group. There was no significant difference in age, sex, and body mass index between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ scores, SAA, sTREM-1, D-Dimer, CRP, and PCT level between the survival group and the death group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the diagnosis (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that SAA (P=0.004), sTREM-1 (P=0.025), CRP (P=0.005), and PCT (P=0.016) were independent predictors for the prognosis of sepsis. It was also found that there was a positive correlation of SAA and sTREM-1 levels with APACHE Ⅱ scores on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day (all P < 0.05), and there was a positive correlation between D-Dimer and APACHE Ⅱ scores on the 3rd and 7th day (all P < 0.05). It was found that the areas under ROC curve of SAA on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day were the largest (0.878, 0.916, 0.954, respectively). On the 3rd and 7th day, the areas under the ROC curve of sTREM-1 were (0.907, 0.929) larger than those of CRP (0.897, 0.927) and PCT (0.892, 0.890). The areas under the ROC curve (0.918, 0.974, 0.984, respectively) of the combined detection of SAA, sTREM-1, and D-Dimer on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day were larger than those of the individual indexes.

  Conclusions  The dynamic joint monitoring results of SAA, sTREM-1, and D-Dimer can be used as the prognostic indicators for sepsis, and have a higher predictive value than traditional indicators such as CRP and PCT.