YANG Wei, CAI Yiyuan, CHEN Jiajia, MAO Run, LINGHU Lang, LYU Sensen, XU Dong. Organizational Readiness for Change and Factors Influencing the Implementation of Shared Medical Appointment for Diabetes in Primary Healthcare Institutions[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2025, 16(2): 479-491. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0651
Citation: YANG Wei, CAI Yiyuan, CHEN Jiajia, MAO Run, LINGHU Lang, LYU Sensen, XU Dong. Organizational Readiness for Change and Factors Influencing the Implementation of Shared Medical Appointment for Diabetes in Primary Healthcare Institutions[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2025, 16(2): 479-491. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0651

Organizational Readiness for Change and Factors Influencing the Implementation of Shared Medical Appointment for Diabetes in Primary Healthcare Institutions

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 72164005

More Information
  • Corresponding author:

    CAI Yiyuan, E-mail: caiyiyuan@gmc.edu.cn

  • Received Date: August 21, 2024
  • Accepted Date: November 10, 2024
  • Available Online: March 19, 2025
  • Publish Date: March 18, 2025
  • Issue Publish Date: March 29, 2025
  • Objective 

    The success of implementation research is closely tied to the institution's pre-implementation readiness. This study aims to explore the organizational readiness for change (ORC) and its influencing factors on primary healthcare settings in the implementation of the "Shared Medical Appointment for Diabetes (SMART) in China: design of an optimization trial" and to enhance ORC and provide insights to support the effective implementation of the program.

    Methods 

    Qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys were conducted to evaluate the ORC level and its influencing factors in 12 institutions implementing the SMART program. The Scale for Assessing the Institution's Readiness to Implement Evidence-Based Practices was utilized to measure ORC levels. Qualitative interviews were conducted among change implementers to gather information regarding the status of influencing factors. Thematic analysis was applied to extract factors from the interview data, and an assessment questionnaire was developed to measure the perceived impact of these factors. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method was employed to identify the influencing factors of ORC and pathways leading to high-level ORC.

    Results 

    Seventy implementers from 12 institutions, encompassing administrators, clinicians, and health managers, participated in the interviews and surveys. The median and interquartile of the ORC scores were 105.20 (101.23, 107.33). The fsQCA indicated that a clear understanding of specific tasks and responsibilities, the active engagement of key participants, sufficient preliminary preparation, and the use of audits and feedback mechanisms were critical pathways to a high-level ORC. Conversely, institutions lacking key participants, preliminary preparation, or marginal influence demonstrated a low-level ORC.

    Conclusions 

    Before implementing innovation, Coherence and Cognitive Participation were identified as critical factors in influencing ORC. Strong leadership from key participants played pivotal role in enhancing readiness for change and was essential for improving implementation fidelity and overall program success.

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