Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Exercise Prescription on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Adults

Objective To explore the effect of resistance exercise on glycolipid metabolism in overweight or obese people, with the aim of providing reference for the clinical development of appropriate resistance exercise programs. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EmBase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were systematically searched to obtain the relevant literature on the effects of resistance exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism from the establishment of the library to December 31, 2023 in overweight and obese populations. The type of literature was limited to randomized controlled studies in which the exercise intervention included resistance exercise in the test group but did not include resistance exercise in the control group. The literature was screened by 2 researchers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Results A total of 17 papers and 700 study subjects were included, with 351 cases in the test group with resistance exercise, and 349 cases in the control group without resistance exercise. Metaanalysis results showed that compared with the control group, the glycosylated hemoglobin of the test group with resistance exerciseSMD (95%CI)=-0.30 (-0.53, -0.07), P=0.010, fasting blood glucoseSMD (95%CI)=-0.57(-0.89, -0.24), P<0.001, insulin resistance indexSMD (95%CI)=-0.90 (-1.42, -0.38), P<0.001, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)SMD (95%CI)=-0.28 (-0.53, -0.04), P=0.020 levels were reduced. Subgroup analysis showed that the glucose metabolism levels of the test group with only resistance exercise and a combination of resistanceanaerobic exercise were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.050). The effect of resistance exercise on glucose metabolism in Asian populations was of small heterogeneity (I²>0.05), and the level of decrease in glucose metabolism indexes was significant (P<0.050). Conclusion Resistance exercise can significantly reduce the level of glycolipid metabolism indexes in overweight or obese people.