Advances in Dynamic Monitoring of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as the Prognostic Markers for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) significantly improves survival, but it has clinical problems such as low response rate. Treatment of tumor with ICIs is a dynamic change that involves the process of tumor-immune system interaction. Vertical monitoring of dynamic changes of biomarkers is helpful to eliminate individual differences and to provide information on spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumors. This paper reviews the biomarkers of advanced NSCLC, covering the aspects of treatment with ICIs from tumor cell origin, immune microenvironmental source and joint indicators.