Email Alert RSS
Volume 16 Issue 2
Mar.  2025
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Related Articles
LI Mingzhu, YAN Hao. Advances in the Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2025, 16(2): 321-329. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2025-0043
Citation: LI Mingzhu, YAN Hao. Advances in the Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2025, 16(2): 321-329. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2025-0043
shu

Advances in the Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

  • 1.

    Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China

  • 2.

    NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China

Funds: 

Capital Health Development Scientific Research Special Project on Independent Innovation 2024-2-4115

More Information
  • Corresponding author:

    YAN Hao, E-mail: hao_y@bjmu.edu.cn

  • Received Date: January 12, 2025
  • Accepted Date: February 13, 2025
  • Available Online: March 17, 2025
  • Publish Date: March 16, 2025
  • Issue Publish Date: March 29, 2025
    Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by high rates of prevalence and recurrence. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely utilized in the acute phase treatment of MDD and has shown potential in maintenance therapy. However, the factors influencing the efficacy of rTMS during the acute phase and the sustainability of its long-term therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood. Additionally, a consensus on the optimal maintenance treatment protocol has yet to be established. This article reviews recent evidence on the application of rTMS in both acute and maintenance treatment of MDD, aiming to summarize current research progress and provide insights for the further promotion and application of rTMS in clinical practice.

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References (77)
  • [1]
    Lu J, Xu X F, Huang Y Q, et al. Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study[J]. Lancet Psychiatry, 2021, 8(11): 981-990. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00251-0
    [2]
    Malhi G S, Mann J J. Depression[J]. Lancet, 2018, 392(10161): 2299-2312. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31948-2
    [3]
    Rush A J, Trivedi M H, Wisniewski S R, et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2006, 163(11): 1905-1917. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1905
    [4]
    Monroe S M, Harkness K L. Recurrence in major depression: a conceptual analysis[J]. Psychol Rev, 2011, 118(4): 655-674. DOI: 10.1037/a0025190
    [5]
    Rybak Y E, Lai K S P, Ramasubbu R, et al. Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: Canadian expert consensus on definition and assessment[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2021, 38(4): 456-467. DOI: 10.1002/da.23135
    [6]
    O'Reardon J P, Solvason H B, Janicak P G, et al. Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2010, 67(2): 1208-1216.
    [7]
    Milev R V, Giacobbe P, Kennedy S H, et al. Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: section 4. Neurostimulation treatments[J]. Can J Psychiatry, 2016, 61(9): 561-575. DOI: 10.1177/0706743716660033
    [8]
    Fitzgerald P B, Hoy K E, Anderson R J, et al. A study of the pattern of response to rTMS treatment in depression[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2016, 33(8): 746-753. DOI: 10.1002/da.22503
    [9]
    George M S. Whither TMS: a one-trick pony or the beginning of a neuroscientific revolution?[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2019, 176(11): 904-910. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19090957
    [10]
    Lisanby S H. Noninvasive brain stimulation for depression-the devil is in the dosing[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(26): 2593-2594. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1702492
    [11]
    Mayberg H S, Brannan S K, Tekell J L, et al. Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: serial changes and relationship to clinical response[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2000, 48(8): 830-843. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01036-2
    [12]
    Brunoni A R, Chaimani A, Moffa A H, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes: a systematic review with network meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Psychiatry, 2017, 74(2): 143-152. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3644
    [13]
    Sehatzadeh S, Daskalakis Z J, Yap B, et al. Unilateral and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials over 2 decades[J]. J Psychiatry Neurosci, 2019, 44(3): 151-163. DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180056
    [14]
    Croarkin P E, Nakonezny P A, Deng Z D, et al. High-frequency repetitive TMS for suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression[J]. J Affect Disord, 2018, 239: 282-290. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.048
    [15]
    Janicak P G, Dunner D L, Aaronson S T, et al. Transcr-anial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for major depression: a multisite, naturalistic, observational study of quality of life outcome measures in clinical practice[J]. CNS Spectr, 2013, 18(6): 322-332. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852913000357
    [16]
    Wang W L, Wang S Y, Hung H Y, et al. Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in unipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials[J]. J Affect Disord, 2022, 301: 400-425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.047
    [17]
    Miron J P, Jodoin V D, Lespérance P, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: basic principles and future directions[J]. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol, 2021, 11: 20451253211042696. DOI: 10.1177/20451253211042696
    [18]
    Lefaucheur J P, Aleman A, Baeken C, et al. Evidencebased guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014—2018)[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2020, 131(2): 474-528. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002
    [19]
    Hussain S, Chamoli S, Fitzgerald P, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand college of psychiatrists professional practice guidelines for the administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[J]. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2024, 58(8): 641-655. DOI: 10.1177/00048674241249846
    [20]
    Berlow Y A, Zandvakili A, Philip N S. Low frequency right-sided and high frequency left-sided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: the evidence of equivalence[J]. Brain Stimul, 2020, 13(6): 1793-1795. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.10.005
    [21]
    Aaronson S T, Carpenter L L, Hutton T M, et al. Compari-son of clinical outcomes with left unilateral and sequential bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) treatment of major depressive disorder in a large patient registry[J]. Brain Stimul, 2022, 15(2): 326-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.01.006
    [22]
    Berlim M T, Van Den Eynde F, Daskalakis Z J. Efficacy and acceptability of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2013, 30(7): 614-623. DOI: 10.1002/da.22060
    [23]
    Chen L, Hudaib A R, Hoy K E, et al. Is rTMS effective for anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder? An efficacy analysis comparing left-sided high-frequency, right-sided low-frequency, and sequential bilateral rTMS protocols[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2019, 36(8): 723-731. DOI: 10.1002/da.22894
    [24]
    Fitzgerald P B, Hoy K E, Reynolds J, et al. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial exploring the relationship between pulse number and response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in depression[J]. Brain Stimul, 2020, 13(1): 145-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.09.001
    [25]
    McCalley D M, Lench D H, Doolittle J D, et al. Determin-ing the optimal pulse number for theta burst induced change in cortical excitability[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 8726. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87916-2
    [26]
    Teng S, Guo Z, Peng H, et al. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left DLPFC for major depression: session-dependent efficacy: a meta-analysis[J]. Eur Psychiatry, 2017, 41: 75-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.002
    [27]
    Hutton T M, Aaronson S T, Carpenter L L, et al. Dosing transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder: relations between number of treatment sessions and effectiveness in a large patient registry[J]. Brain Stimul, 2023, 16(5): 1510-1521. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.10.001
    [28]
    Yu T, Chen W N, Huo L J, et al. Association between daily dose and efficacy of rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depression: a meta-analysis[J]. Psychiatry Res, 2023, 325: 115260. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115260
    [29]
    Dalhuisen I, Van Bronswijk S, Bors J, et al. The association between sample and treatment characteristics and the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of sham-controlled trials[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2022, 141: 104848. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104848
    [30]
    Hsu T W, Yeh T C, Kao Y C, et al. The dose-effect relationship of six stimulation parameters with rTMS over left DLPFC on treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2024, 162: 105704. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105704
    [31]
    McClintock S M, Reti I M, Carpenter L L, et al. Consensus recommendations for the clinical application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression[J]. J Clin Psychiatry, 2018, 79(1): 16cs10905.
    [32]
    Sigrist C, Vöckel J, MacMaster F P, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of adolescent depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated and individual-patient data from uncontrolled studies[J]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2022, 31(10): 1501-1525. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02021-7
    [33]
    Qiao Y, Wang J J, Zhu J J, et al. Antidepressant effect of adjunct repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in inpatients 60 years and older[J]. J ECT, 2020, 36(3): 216-221. DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000648
    [34]
    Sackeim H A, Aaronson S T, Carpenter L L, et al. Clinical outcomes in a large registry of patients with major depressive disorder treated with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation[J]. J Affect Disord, 2020, 277: 65-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.005
    [35]
    Cotovio G, Boes A D, Press D Z, et al. In older adults the antidepressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is similar but occurs later than in younger adults[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2022, 14: 919734. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919734
    [36]
    Clarke E, Clarke P, Gill S, et al. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression with comorbid anxiety disorders[J]. J Affect Disord, 2019, 252: 435-439. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.085
    [37]
    Philip N S, Leuchter A F, Cook I A, et al. Predictors of response to synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2019, 36(3): 278-285. DOI: 10.1002/da.22862
    [38]
    Carpenter L L, Conelea C, Tyrka A R, et al. 5 Hz Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder[J]. J Affect Disord, 2018, 235: 414-420. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.009
    [39]
    Yesavage J A, Fairchild J K, Mi Z B, et al. Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on treatment-resistant major depression in US veterans: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Psychiatry, 2018, 75(9): 884-893. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1483
    [40]
    Madore M R, Kozel F A, Williams L M, et al. Prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression in US military veterans-A naturalistic cohort study in the veterans health administration[J]. J Affect Disord, 2022, 297: 671-678. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.025
    [41]
    Thatikonda N S, Vinod P, Balachander S, et al. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials[J]. Can J Psychiatry, 2023, 68(6): 407-417. DOI: 10.1177/07067437221121112
    [42]
    Ward H B, Yip A, Siddiqui R, et al. Borderline personality traits do not influence response to TMS[J]. J Affect Disord, 2021, 281: 834-838. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.054
    [43]
    Trapp N T, Purgianto A, Taylor J J, et al. Consensus review and considerations on TMS to treat depression: a comprehensive update endorsed by the National Network of Depression Centers, the Clinical TMS Society, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2025, 170: 206-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.015
    [44]
    Lisanby S H, Husain M M, Rosenquist P B, et al. Daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: clinical predictors of outcome in a multisite, randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, 34(2): 522-534. DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.118
    [45]
    Hung Y Y, Yang L H, Stubbs B, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2020, 99: 109850. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109850
    [46]
    Zaidi A, Shami R, Sewell I J, et al. Antidepressant class and concurrent rTMS outcomes in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 75: 102760. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102760
    [47]
    Deppe M, Abdelnaim M, Hebel T, et al. Concomitant lorazepam use and antidepressive efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a naturalistic setting[J]. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2021, 271(1): 61-67. DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01160-9
    [48]
    Hunter A M, Minzenberg M J, Cook I A, et al. Concomitant medication use and clinical outcome of repetitive Transcr-anial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder[J]. Brain Behav, 2019, 9(5): e01275. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1275
    [49]
    Van Eijndhoven P F P, Bartholomeus J, Möbius M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a standard 4-week protocol of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in severe treatment resistant depression[J]. J Affect Disord, 2020, 274: 444-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.055
    [50]
    Kedzior K K, Reitz S K, Azorina V, et al. Durability of the antidepressant effect of the high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) In the absence of maintenance treatment in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trials[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2015, 32(3): 193-203. DOI: 10.1002/da.22339
    [51]
    Hsu T W, Yeh T C, Kao Y C, et al. Response trajectory to left dorsolateral prefrontal rTMS in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis: trajectory of rTMS[J]. Psychiatry Res, 2024, 338: 115979. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115979
    [52]
    Senova S, Cotovio G, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Durability of antidepressant response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Brain Stimul, 2019, 12(1): 119-128. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.10.001
    [53]
    Cohen R B, Boggio P S, Fregni F. Risk factors for relapse after remission with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimula-tion for the treatment of depression[J]. Depress Anxiety, 2009, 26(7): 682-688. DOI: 10.1002/da.20486
    [54]
    Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Mechanic-Hamilton D, Press D Z, et al. An open-label, prospective study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the long-term treatment of refractory depression: reproducibility and duration of the antidepressant effect in medication-free patients[J]. J Clin Psychiatry, 2008, 69(6): 930-934. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.v69n0607
    [55]
    Miljevic A, Bailey N W, Herring S E, et al. Potential predictors of depressive relapse following repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: a systematic review[J]. J Affect Disord, 2019, 256: 317-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.006
    [56]
    Richieri R, Guedj E, Michel P, et al. Maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces depression relapse: a propensity-adjusted analysis[J]. J Affect Disord, 2013, 151(1): 129-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.062
    [57]
    Rosenberg O, Dinur Klein L, Gersner R, et al. Long-term follow-up of MDD patients who respond to deep rTMS: a brief report[J]. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci, 2015, 52(1): 17-23.
    [58]
    Wilson S, Croarkin P E, Aaronson S T, et al. Systematic review of preservation TMS that includes continuation, maintenance, relapse-prevention, and rescue TMS[J]. J Affect Disord, 2022, 296: 79-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.040
    [59]
    Fitzgerald P B, Grace N, Hoy K E, et al. An open label trial of clustered maintenance rTMS for patients with refractory depression[J]. Brain Stimul, 2013, 6(3): 292-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.003
    [60]
    Brian Chen Y C, Chou P H, Tu Y K, et al. Trajectory of changes in depressive symptoms after acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta-analysis of follow-up effects[J]. Asian J Psychiatr, 2023, 88: 103717. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103717
    [61]
    Benadhira R, Thomas F, Bouaziz N, et al. A randomized, sham-controlled study of maintenance rTMS for treatment-resistant depression (TRD)[J]. Psychiatry Res, 2017, 258: 226-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.029
    [62]
    Philip N S, Dunner D L, Dowd S M, et al. Can medication free, treatment-resistant, depressed patients who initially respond to TMS be maintained off medications? A prospective, 12-month multisite randomized pilot study[J]. Brain Stimul, 2016, 9(2): 251-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.11.007
    [63]
    Rapinesi C, Bersani F S, Kotzalidis G D, et al. Maintenance deep transcranial magnetic stimulation sessions are associated with reduced depressive relapses in patients with unipolar or bipolar depression[J]. Front Neurol, 2015, 6: 16.
    [64]
    Matsuda Y, Sakuma K, Kishi T, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for preventing relapse in antidepressant treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Brain Stimul, 2023, 16(2): 458-461. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.1680
    [65]
    Wang H N, Wang X X, Zhang R G, et al. Clustered repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the prevention of depressive relapse/recurrence: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Transl Psychiatry, 2017, 7(12): 1292. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0001-x
    [66]
    许毅, 李达, 谭立文, 等. 重复经颅磁刺激治疗专家共识[J]. 转化医学杂志, 2018, 7(1): 4-9.

    Xu Y, Li D, Tan L W, et al. Chinese experts consensus on repetitive transcranial tagnetic stimulation[J]. Transl Med J, 2018, 7(1): 4-9.
    [67]
    Perera T, George M S, Grammer G, et al. The clinical TMS society consensus review and treatment recommendations for TMS therapy for major depressive disorder[J]. Brain Stimul, 2016, 9(3): 336-346. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.010
    [68]
    Kelly M S, Bernstein M, Oliveira-Maia A J, et al. 15-Response to first course of TMS treatment for depression predicts subsequent response[J]. Brain Stimul, 2016, 9(5): e5.
    [69]
    Brunelin J, Jalenques I, Trojak B, et al. The efficacy and safety of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: the results from a large multicenter French RCT[J]. Brain Stimul, 2014, 7(6): 855-863. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.07.040
    [70]
    Cao P P, Li Y H, An B, et al. Efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with antidepressants in children and adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Affect Disord, 2023, 336: 25-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.051
    [71]
    McGirr A, Van Den Eynde F, Tovar-Perdomo S, et al. Effectiveness and acceptability of accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: an open label trial[J]. J Affect Disord, 2015, 173: 216-220. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.068
    [72]
    Dardenne A, Baeken C, Crunelle C L, et al. Accelerated HF-rTMS in the elderly depressed: a feasibility study[J]. Brain Stimul, 2018, 11(1): 247-248. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.018
    [73]
    Blumberger D M, Vila-Rodriguez F, Thorpe K E, et al. Effectiveness of theta burst versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): a randomised non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet, 2018, 391(10131): 1683-1692. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30295-2
    [74]
    Cash R F H, Weigand A, Zalesky A, et al. Using brain imaging to improve spatial targeting of transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2021, 90(10): 689-700. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.033
    [75]
    Cole E J, Phillips A L, Bentzley B S, et al. Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT): a double-blind randomized controlled trial[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2022, 179(2): 132-141. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20101429
    [76]
    Cole E J, Stimpson K H, Bentzley B S, et al. Stanford accelerated intelligent neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2020, 177(8): 716-726. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19070720
    [77]
    Hopman H J, Chan S M S, Chu W C W, et al. Personalized prediction of transcranial magnetic stimulation clinical response in patients with treatment-refractory depression using neuroimaging biomarkers and machine learning[J]. J Affect Disord, 2021, 290: 261-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.081
    • Related Articles

  • Related Articles

    [1]WU Haiting, LI Hang. ANCA Associated Vasculitis Treated with Ultra-low Dose Rituximab: A Case Report[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(6): 1330-1334. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0263
    [2]ZHANG Lu, LI Jian. Castleman Disease in China: State-of-the-art Technology Before the Era of IL-6 Targeted Therapy[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(5): 911-914. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0227
    [3]ZHAO Zhe, TANG Yan, ZHOU Jingya, CHEN Xiaoguang, ZHANG Lei, CHEN Limeng, YUAN Tao. Analysis of Clinical Manifestations and Drug Therapies of Gitelman Syndrome[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(2): 277-286. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2021-0180
    [4]ZHAO Hua, LIU Dawei. How to Implement Personalized Therapy According to Clinical Guidelines: From International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(2): 174-179. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2021-0811
    [5]Ying XU, Ya-li XU, Zhe WANG, Yan LIN, Chang-jun WANG, Qiang SUN. Menopausal Hormone Therapy Increases the Risk of Breast Cancer:Interpretation on an Article Published in the Lancet Sep. 2019[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2020, 11(5): 621-625. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2020.05.020
    [6]Bin ZHOU, Ling XIN, Yuan-jia CHENG, Qian LIU, Ling XU, Jing-ming YE, Xue-ning DUAN, Yin-hua LIU. Critical Updates and Clinical Significance of the 8th Edition of AJCC Breast Cancer Prognostic Staging System[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2017, 8(4-5): 235-238. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2017.05.008
    [7]Ming-sheng MA, Xü-de ZHANG, Min WEI, Shi-min ZHAO, Zheng-qing QIU. Efficacy of Low Dose Corticosteroid Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2014, 5(4): 384-388. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2014.04.006
    [8]Ying ZHANG, Jin-song GAO, Jun-tao LIU, Hai-yuan LIU, Ying-na SONG, Xiao-ming GONG, Zhi-jing SUN. Effectiveness of B-lynch Suture in Treatment and Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2013, 4(2): 174-177. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2013.02.019
    [9]Ya-gang ZUO, Hong-wei WANG, Jia-bi WANG. Dual-wavelength Laser with 595 nm and 1064 nm Combination for Resistant Port-wine Stains[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2012, 3(4): 386-389. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2012.04.005
    [10]Jie LIU, Yue-ping ZENG, Chun-xia HE, Qin LONG, Hong-zhong JIN, Qiu-ning SUN. Corticosteroids plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of 7 Cases with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2012, 3(4): 381-385. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2012.04.004

Catalog

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (88) PDF downloads (17) Cited by()
    Related
    Links: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) AMLC Check CNKI Database CNKI Term Online Chinese General Practice
    Address：Room 302,Third Floor,Building 7, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
    Tel：010-69154261/4262
    E - mail：medj@pumch.cn mjpumch@126.com
    Copyright of website：Editorial Office of Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.  Baidu Analytics

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return
    x Close Forever Close