Abstract: The human microbiome, the second genome of the human body, can determine human health status. Microbiome research has prompted humans to re-understand the relationship between microbiota and individuals, as well as microbiota and the ecological environment. A comprehensive and systematic study of the structure and function of human gut microbiome and an analysis of the interaction and regulation mechanism of the relevant core bacteria will bring revolutionary theoretical innovations to solve the health problems of humans, and the resulting disruptive technological innovation has the potential to provide better solutions for microbiome research.