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Aesthetic Investigation of the Pretarsal Shows and Morphology of Double Eyelids in Chinese Populations: A Questionnaire-based Survey
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摘要:目的
通过问卷调查探究中国人认为的重睑的理想宽度和形态学特征。
方法本研究采用便利抽样法，以中国籍且无外国久居史(国外累计居住时间1年以上)的成年人作为主要调查对象。2023年11月—2024年5月通过发送电子问卷的形式展开调查，收集调查对象对9张不同眶周图像(包括1张单睑图像及8张具有不同宽度和形态的重睑图像)的吸引力评分，并通过全人群分析及按性别、年龄组、职业等因素进行分层比较，确定最理想的重睑宽度与形态。对9张图像的重睑美学特征进行定量分析，以对问卷调查结果进行验证和解释。
结果共493人填写问卷，经质量筛选后共纳入397份有效问卷进行数据分析。全人群分析时，宽度为2 mm重睑图像的评分最高，内折型为(3.72±0.97)分，外折型为(3.65±1.04)分，最具吸引力。其次是宽度为1 mm、3 mm重睑图像和单睑图像，宽度为4 mm重睑图像的评分最低。对不同形态重睑图像进行比较后发现，宽度相同时，内折型重睑图像评分均高于外折型，但仅重睑宽度为3 mm和4 mm时差异具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。按性别、年龄组、职业等因素进行分层分析，其结果与全人群基本一致。重睑美学特征定量分析发现，宽度为2 mm时，内折型和外折型重睑图像的陈氏比例均为0.630，最接近黄金比例。
结论宽度为2 mm的内折型或外折型重睑可能是中国人认为最为理想的重睑，该发现对于重睑手术规划、效果评估及与重睑成形术相关的其他眶周手术设计等均具有重要意义。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the ideal pretarsal shows and morphological characteristics of double eyelids in Chinese populations through a morphometric analysis.
MethodsThis study employed a convenience sampling method to survey Chinese adults who did not reside abroad for an extended period (with cumulative overseas stay of over one year). From November 2023 to May 2024, electronic questionnaires were distributed to collect attractiveness ratings of nine different images (including one image featuring single eyelid and eight images with varying pretarsal shows and morphologies of double eyelids). Stratified comparisons were conducted based on gender, age, occupation, etc., to determine the ideal pretarsal show and morphology of double eyelids. Quantitative analysis was performed on the aesthetic features of the nine images depicting double eyelids to validate and elucidate the survey findings.
ResultsA total of 493 questionnaires were filled out, and 397 valid questionnaires were included for data analysis after quality control. As for the whole cohort, the images feathering 2 mm double eyelid were deemed to be the most attractive, with the in-fold type scoring (3.72±0.97) points and the out-fold type scoring (3.65±1.04) points. The next was 1 mm, followed by 3 mm, single eyelid, and finally, 4 mm. As for morphology, in-fold type achieved higher scores than out-fold type in images with the same pretarsal show. However, statistically significant differences were only found in ratings for the images with 3 mm and 4 mm double eyelids (all P < 0.05). Stratified analysis based on gender, age, occupation, and other factors yielded results that were largely consistent with those of the overall population.The quantitative analysis of aesthetic characteristics of double eyelids revealed that when the pretarsal show was 2 mm, both the Chen's ratio of the in-fold and out-fold type were 0.630, which closely approximates the golden ratio.
ConclusionsThis study validates that the pretarsal show of 2 mm and the presence of either an in-fold or out-fold morphology are considered optimal for double eyelids among Chinese individuals. These findings hold significant implications for the planning of double eyelid surgeries, assessment of surgical outcomes, and evaluation of other periocular procedures associated with double eyelid surgeries.
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Keywords:
- double eyelid /
- aesthetic /
- questionnaire /
- morphometric study
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作者贡献：赤雅蓉负责数据整理、分析及论文撰写；李竹君负责研究设计；金霖、俞楠泽、龙笑负责提出修改建议；黄久佐负责论文整体构思及修订。利益冲突：所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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图 1 重睑形态示意图
A.内折型重睑；B.外折型重睑
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of periocular region
A.in-fold morphology double eyelids; B.out-fold morphology double-eyelids
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图 2 不同宽度的内折型重睑图像
A.宽度为1 mm；B.宽度为2 mm；C.宽度为3 mm；D.宽度为4 mm
Figure 2. Images with in-fold morphology with varied pretarsal shows
A.pretarsal show of 1 mm; B.pretarsal show of 2 mm; C.pretarsal show of 3 mm; D.pretarsal show of 4 mm
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图 3 不同宽度的外折型重睑图像
A.宽度为1 mm；B.宽度为2 mm；C.宽度为3 mm；D.宽度为4 mm
Figure 3. Images with out-fold morphology with varied pretarsal shows
A.pretarsal show of 1 mm; B.pretarsal show of 2 mm; C.pretarsal show of 3 mm; D.pretarsal show of 4 mm
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图 5 不同宽度/形态重睑图像吸引力评分
Figure 5. Attractive scores for each picture with different pretarsal shows and morphologies
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图 6 不同性别调查对象对不同宽度/形态重睑图像吸引力评分
*不同性别之间评分具有统计学差异(P＜0.01)
Figure 6. Attractive scores for each picture with different pretarsal shows and morphologies evaluated by different genders
*statistical differences were found between genders(P < 0.01)
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图 7 不同年龄调查对象对不同宽度/形态重睑图像吸引力评分
*不同年龄组之间评分具有统计学差异(P＜0.01)
Figure 7. Attractive scores for each picture with different pretarsal shows and morphologies evaluated by different ages
*statistical differences were found between age groups(P < 0.01)
表 1 重睑相关定量指标及其定义
Table 1 Linear indicators and related ratios of each image
指标 定义 瞳孔中线上的线性长度(mm) 重睑宽度 上睑缘与重睑线的距离 睑裂高度 上睑缘与下睑缘的距离 上睑高度 上睑缘与眉毛下缘的距离 重睑宽度+睑裂高度 下睑缘与重睑线的距离 眉眼单位高度 下睑缘与眉毛下缘的距离 比例 陈氏比例 (重睑+睑裂高度)眉眼单位垂直高度 重睑睑裂比 重睑宽度/睑裂高度 睑裂上睑比 睑裂高度/上睑高度 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 受试者人口统计学信息[n(%)]
Table 2 Demographics information of respondents[n(%)]
特征 数值 性别 男性 79(19.90) 女性 318(80.10) 年龄(岁) ≤20 5(1.26) 21~30 124(31.23) 31~40 115(28.97) 41~50 71(17.88) 51~60 79(19.90) ＞60 3(0.76) 化妆习惯 不化妆 191(48.11) 淡妆 201(50.63) 浓妆 5(1.26) 职业 专业人员 71(17.88) 非专业人员 326(82.12) 重睑成形术史 有 182(45.84) 无 215(54.16)
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表 3 不同眶周图像的美学特征定量分析
Table 3 Results of aesthetic metrics of each image
指标 内折型重睑 外折型重睑 单睑 1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 瞳孔中线上的线性长度(mm) 重睑宽度 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 0 睑裂高度 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 10.522 上睑高度 8.351 7.351 6.351 5.351 8.351 7.351 6.351 5.351 9.351 重睑宽度+睑裂高度 11.522 12.522 13.522 14.522 11.522 12.522 13.522 14.522 10.522 眉眼单位高度 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 19.873 比例 陈氏比例 0.580 0.630 0.680 0.731 0.580 0.630 0.680 0.731 0.530 重睑睑裂比 0.095 0.190 0.285 0.380 0.095 0.190 0.285 0.380 0 睑裂上睑比 1.260 1.431 1.657 1.966 1.260 1.431 1.657 1.966 1.125
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