Abstract: Radionuclide drug conjugates (RDC) represent the culmination of interdisciplinary integration. By virtue of their precise targeting capability, high diagnostic sensitivity, and remarkable therapeutic efficacy in tumor diagnosis and treatment, RDC has emerged as promising theranostic agents with immense application potential. This article systematically reviews the progress in RDC development in China from 2009 to 2024, encompassing an overview of RDC, its structure and classification, trends in clinical research, advances in clinical trials, and national policy support. The aim is to provide valuable insights for researchers in related fields, thereby facilitating further development and application of RDC-based therapeutics.