Abstract: This paper reports a case of eosinophilic esophagitis who presented with dysphagia. The patient was a 54-year-old woman with diffuse esophageal thickening on ultrasonographic gastroscopy. Pathology demonstrated scattered eosinophilic infiltration within the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, accompanied by eosinophilic microabscess and the density of eosinophilic cells counted was about 30/HPF, which was consistent with the diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic esophagitis (moderately active). After oral administration of prednisone acetate 30 mg/d and gradual reduction of the dose, the patient's clinical symptoms were significantly reduced, and the lesions were confirmed to have significant improvement on imaging. This article summarizes the patient's diagnostic and therapeutic process, and reviews the relevant literature to enhance clinicians' understanding of this disease.