Abstract: With the breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, orthopedic surgical robots have rapidly advanced, presenting good prospects for their applications in the medical field. Prior to the clinical application of this novel medical device, ensuring high reliability is crucial to safeguarding patient safety and surgical quality. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the types of failures and associated risks is essential during both the development and clinical application phases. From the perspectives of both the research and development companies and clinical users, this article comprehensively elucidates the types of failures and their associated risks in orthopedic surgical robots. Furthermore, strategies for addressing high-risk failures are proposed, with the aim of providing guidance for the development and clinical application of orthopedic surgical robot devices, thereby contributing to the high-quality advancement of this field.