Abstract: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was renamed from the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In terms of the pathogenesis of MAFLD, the generally accepted theory is "multiple attacks", including insulin resistance, lipid disorder, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, etc., which involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, currently there is no approved drug for MAFLD. Recent studies have found that vitamin D is involved in many metabolic processes and may cause MAFLD by influencing liver lipid metabolism, promoting insulin resistance and inflammatory response, participating in immune regulation, gene regulation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, this article summarizes the relationship between vitamin D and MAFLD, explores the potential role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, and provides clinical ideas for the treatment of MAFLD.