Precision Immunotherapy in Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the common and severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Characterized by diverse pathological patterns and variable clinical manifestations, LN presents significant challenges for disease management. Conventional immunosuppressive agents, while representing the classic therapeutic approach for LN, are associated with substantial limitations, including variable efficacy, high risk of relapse, and notable adverse effects. In recent years, the introduction of immunotherapeutic agents, particularly biologics, has inaugurated a new era of precision treatment for LN. By virtue of their high target specificity and favorable safety profiles, these agents are reshaping the therapeutic landscape of LN. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of precision immunotherapy for LN, aiming to provide insights for its clinical management.