Applications of Three-dimensional Facial Features in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

With the improvement in the accuracy and portability of threedimensional (3D) facial imaging devices, and the development of medical image recognition technology in artificial intelligence, the analysis and automatic recognition of 3D facial characteristics of diseases have been widely applied in fields such as endocrine metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, neuromuscular diseases, genetic syndromes, and plastic surgery. We aim to review and summarize the current research status and development trends of 3D facial photogrammetry and image analysis techniques in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of treatment, in order to provide references and insights for related research and clinical applications.