Applying the Electrical Impedance Tomography to Assess Lung Regional Ventilation Distribution in ICU Patients After Cardiac Surgery and Exploring Its Preliminary Values

Objective To apply electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technology to assess the lung regional ventilation distribution in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a cardiac surgery, and to analyze its value of predicting patients' short-term prognosis.

Methods Data from 46 patients admitted to ICU after a cardiac surgery from January to November 2023 were retrospectively collected. Using EIT, we assessed the lung regional ventilation of four regions of interest (ROI) and analyzed its influence on patients' length of stay in ICU, mechanical ventilation duration and tracheal intubation duration.

Results A total of 46 patients were selected, including 29 males and 17 females, with an average age of (58.2±9.5) years.The patients who received a cardiac surgery equal to or over 5 hours had worse ventilation in the dorsal region (ROI 4) (P=0.022). The patients with worse dorsal region ventilation (ROI 4 < 9%) had lower oxygenation index (P=0.025), longer mechanical ventilation duration (P=0.004), longer tracheal intubation duration (P=0.010), and longer ICU stay (P=0.018). A larger ROI 4 percent was a protective factor for patients' prognosis (OR=0.743, 95% CI: 0.587-0.941, P=0.014) after controlling for the impact of age, gender, length of surgery and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score at the admission. With a cutoff value of 9.5%, ROI 4 had 85.7% sensitivity and 56.2% specificity to predict worse prognosis.The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.599-0.905, P=0.007).

Conclusions The length of a cardiac surgery influences patients' lung ventilation, which further impacts patients' prognosis. EIT can be used as a bedside tool to assess patients' lung ventilation and inform corresponding clinical interventions to improve patients' prognosis.