Abstract: he medical development brought about by the progress of science and technology has made great contributions to the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of many diseases including infection. However, it is undeniable that infection is still an important disease threatening human beings. Even the most advanced technique of pathogen identification still cannot change the model of empirical treatment and comprehensive judgment, which is the main module of early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases (ID). Therefore, how to improve the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of ID by clinicians is very important in the early diagnosis and treatment, especially in the current situation of general lack of ID specialists in our country. This article is to combine basic skills of clinical practice and international advanced experience to sort out the diagnosis and treatment of ID, in order to provide a feasible reference for clinicians.