Abstract: Since people's lifestyles have changed, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent liver condition globally. It can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both of which pose major risks to people's health. Currently, the treatment of NAFLD is still based on lifestyle modification, glycemic and lipid control, and other risk factors, and there are no effective therapeutic drugs. Therefore, it is important to study the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Recent studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with the development of NAFLD, and HP infection may contribute to the development of NAFLD by inducing insulin resistance, altering the lipid profile, promoting oxidative stress, changing intestinal permeability, and regulating gene expression. Therefore, this paper reviews the correlation between HP infection and NAFLD and the potential pathogenesis of NAFLD due to HP infection, with the aim of providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.