Abstract: Pain is the main symptom of endometriosis, and about 5% to 10% of reproductive-aged women become potential patients in pain. However, to date, the mechanisms of pain associated with endometriosis are still poorly understood. Available evidence shows a lesion surrounded by aberrant nerve fibers and blood vessels, sensitization of the peripheral nerve, morphological and functional anomaly of the central nervous system are all related to pain associated with endometriosis. This review focused on the possible mechanisms of endometriosis-associated pain in the peripheral and central nervous systems, to provide a possible theoretical basis for clinical treatment.