Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multi-systemic autoimmune disease. Interferon-α is a key factor in the systemic lupus erythematosus immune disorder. The mechanism of action and signaling pathways further reveal the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of the disease. Recent studies have found that microRNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and abnormal microRNA expression is involved in the regulation of type Ⅰ interferon pathway. This article reviews the regulation of microRNAs on the type Ⅰ interferon pathway and its role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, which is of great significance for further understanding the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.