Abstract: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. With the development of understanding in the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis, the mortality rate is significantly reduced. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guideline: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock, which is released every four years, has received an extensive international attention. Based on big changes in the definition and diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock, the 2016 version of the SSC guideline was formally released in January 2017. However, just in November 2017, Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)issued a public statement in its official journal, Clinical Infectious Diseases, to question the recommendations of the 2016 SSC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of infection. Why did such a heated disagreement break out between the international medical authoritative societies over sepsis and infection? According to the concept, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis, this article attempts to stand in the position of IDSA to interpret the IDSA statement and discuss the topic of "sepsis" and "infection".