Abstract: During the clinical practice of anticoagulation therapy, some puzzles, including the choice between traditional anticoagulants and novel alternatives, options of anticoagulants in different phases of the therapy or under exceptional circumstances, the determination of anticoagulation course, and management of complications, cannot be solved by consulting guidelines or consensuses. The individual regimen should be worked out by physicians according to their knowledge and clinical experiences, or by reviewing the literature. Several opinions were given in this article, aiming to provide a further understanding of above questions.