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静脉右美托咪定对剖宫产术中镇静效果和不良反应的影响
Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Intraoperative Sedation and Adverse Events in Cesarean Section
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摘要:目的 观察静脉右美托咪定用于腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术的镇静效果和对术中不良反应的影响。方法 选择单胎足月妊娠拟在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇50名, 随机数字表法分为右美托咪定组(研究组, 25名)和生理盐水组(对照组, 25名)。蛛网膜下腔穿刺成功后, 给予重比重0.5%布比卡因8 mg, 胎儿娩出后, 研究组予右美托咪定负荷剂量1 μg/kg静脉泵注, 10 min输完后改为0.5 μg/(kg·h)静脉泵注, 对照组予等量生理盐水静脉泵注, 直至术毕。术中每30 min记录产妇的Ramsay镇静评分, 记录术中不良反应和药物副作用发生率, 并记录新生儿出生1、5 min的Apgar评分。结果 研究组的Ramsay镇静评分显著高于对照组(3.4±0.7比2.2±0.4, P=0.001)。对于术中不良反应, 研究组寒战(0比16%, P=0.001)、恶心呕吐(8%比36%, P=0.019)、手术牵拉导致的腹部不适发生率(12%比48%, P=0.006)均显著低于对照组。对于药物副作用, 研究组心动过缓发生率显著高于对照组(24%比0, P=0.011), 而两组低血压、过度镇静和呼吸抑制发生率差异无统计学意义。两组新生儿Apgar评分差异亦无统计学意义。结论 静脉右美托咪定可为行腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术的产妇提供良好镇静效果, 增加其术中安静合作程度, 降低术中不良反应的发生率, 同时药物副作用较小, 对新生儿无不良影响。Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on intraoperative sedation and adverse events in parturients undergoing Cesarean section using combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.Methods Fifty singleton parturients at term scheduled for Cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were allocated to two groups using random numbers:dexmedetomidine group(study group, n=25) and normal saline group(control group, n=25). All the parturients received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 8 mg intrathecally following subarachnoid puncture. After delivery of the baby, the study group received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg intravenous bolus infusion for 10 minutes followed by 0.5 μg/(kg·h) continuous infusion until the end of surgery, whereas the control group was infused with equivalent amount of normal saline. Ramsay scores were recorded every 30 minutes during the surgery. The incidence of intraoperative adverse events and adverse drug reactions were also recorded, as well as 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores of the newborns.Results Ramsay score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.4±0.7 vs. 2.2±0.4, P=0.001). Incidences of shivering (0 vs. 16%, P=0.001), nausea and vomiting (8% vs. 36%, P=0.019), abdominal discomfort upon surgical traction (12% vs. 48%, P=0.006) in the study group were all significantly lower than those in the control group. In terms of adverse drug reactions, incidence of bradycardia in the study group was higher than that in the control group (24% vs. 0, P=0.011), while incidences of hypotension, oversedation, and respiratory depression showed no significant difference between the two groups. Apgar scores of the two groups also showed no significant difference.Conclusions Intravenous dexmedetomidine could improve intraoperative sedative effect in parturients undergoing Cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and reduce the incidence of intraoperative adverse events with little adverse reaction and no influence on neonates.
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