超声骺软骨厚度与骨龄的相关性分析

赵泽庆; 陈适; 张莉; 张怡璇; 杨亚梅; 谷怡琳; 王凤丹; 潘慧; 杨筱; 李建初

doi:10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0093

摘要:

目的结合长骨关节端的声像表现，初步探索采用超声定量评估骺软骨的发育情况，并分析其与骨龄的相关性。

方法对2023年3—6月就读于济宁市某体校的青少年进行研究，记录年龄、身高等信息，于1周内行X线骨龄检查，并由1名内分泌科医师使用Greulich-Pyle图谱法评估骨龄。由2名超声医学科医师针对非优势侧手及腕部、膝关节共7个部位(包括第三掌骨头部背侧、尺骨茎突、桡骨茎突、股骨内上髁、股骨外上髁、胫骨背侧、胫骨内侧髁)进行超声检查，测量超声骺软骨厚度(ultrasonic epiphysis cartilage thickness，UECT)，并分析其与骨龄的相关性。采用组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC)评估UECT测量的信度与可重复性。

结果共纳入141名青少年，其中男性80名，女性61名。中位年龄为13(12，14)岁，男性中位骨龄为15(13，17)岁，女性中位骨龄16(14，17)岁，男、女骨龄与年龄差值＞1岁者分别占比60%、67%，男性身高显著高于女性。男、女7个部位UECT均随骨龄增长而减小，各部位UECT与骨龄均呈负相关。男性单部位UECT与骨龄均呈高度负相关(|r|≥0.80)，女性则表现出中高度负相关(0.65≤|r|≤0.75)。男、女7个部位UECT总和与骨龄的负相关性均达到较高水平(|r|=0.93，|r|=0.80)，单独选取手和腕部3个部位或膝关节4个部位时，女性UECT总和与骨龄呈高度负相关(|r|≥0.76)，而男性则表现出非常高度负相关性(|r|≥0.90)。7个部位UECT的测量一致性均较好(ICC≥0.75)。

结论超声可观察描述长骨关节端的生长发育变化，UECT与骨龄表现出中至高度负相关，具有用于骨成熟度定量评估的潜在价值。

Abstract:

Objective Preliminary exploration of using ultrasound to quantitatively evaluate the development of epiphyseal cartilage and analyze its correlation with bone age, based on the ultrasound findings of the long bone joint end.

Methods A study was conducted on adolescents studying at a sports school in Jining from March to June 2023. Age, height and other information were recorded. Bone age assessment by X ray were performed within 1 week with an endocrinologist interpreted the bone age using the Greulich-Pyle atlas. Two sonographers scanned a total of 7 sites in the hand, wrist and knee joint of the non-dominant side (including the dorsal side of the third metacarpal head, the ulnar styloid process, the radial styloid process, the medial and the lateral femoral epicondyle, dorsal tibia, and medial tibial condyle). The ultrasonic epiphyseal cartilage thickness (UECT) was measured and its correlation with bone age was analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of UECT measurement.

Results A total of 141 adolescents were included, with 80 males and 61 females. The average age was 13 (12-14) years old. The average bone age was 15(13-17) years in males and 16 (14-17) years in females. The proportion of the males and females whose bone age was 1 year older than chronological age was 60% and 67%, respectively, and the height of the males was significantly higher than that of the females(P < 0.001). The UECT of 7 sites in the males and females decreased with the increase of bone age, and there was a significant negative correlation between UECT and bone age. In males, UECT was highly and negatively correlated with bone age (|r|≥0.80), while in females, it was moderately and negatively correlated (0.65≤|r|≤0.75). The correlation between the sum of UECT at seven sites and bone age reached high levels in both sexes(|r|=0.93, |r|=0.80).When 3 sites of hand and wrist or 4 sites of knee joint were selected separately, the UECT of the females was highly negatively correlated with bone age (|r| ≥0.76), while that of the males showed a very high correlation (|r| ≥0.90). The measurement consistency of UECT in all seven sites was good (ICC≥0.75).

Conclusion Ultrasound can observe and describe the developmental change of long bone, and UECT has potential value in quantitative evaluation of bone maturity.

超声骺软骨厚度与骨龄的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis Between Ultrasonic Epiphysis Cartilage Thickness and Bone Age