Abstract: The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is a complex process. In recent years, an increasing number of evidence has shown that infection plays a key role in driving the occurrence and progression of AID, particularly in individuals with underlying genetic predisposition. This provides a new and broader perspective for clinical examination of the causes and potential mechanisms of AID. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest research progress on the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and autoimmunity/AID, with the goal of exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of common AID from an etiological perspective. By integrating existing evidence, we hope to deepen the understanding of AID pathogenesis and provide valuable insights for disease prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment.