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摘要: 自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune disease, AID)发病机制复杂。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，感染在驱动具有潜在遗传背景的AID的发生和进展中起关键作用，这为临床重新审视AID的诱因及可能机制提供了更广阔和新颖的视角。本文通过总结病原微生物与自身免疫/AID相关性的最新研究进展，旨在从病原学角度探讨常见AID的病因和发病机制，以期通过整合现有证据，加深对AID发病机制的认识，为疾病预防和临床诊疗提供有价值的见解。Abstract: The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is a complex process. In recent years, an increasing number of evidence has shown that infection plays a key role in driving the occurrence and progression of AID, particularly in individuals with underlying genetic predisposition. This provides a new and broader perspective for clinical examination of the causes and potential mechanisms of AID. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest research progress on the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and autoimmunity/AID, with the goal of exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of common AID from an etiological perspective. By integrating existing evidence, we hope to deepen the understanding of AID pathogenesis and provide valuable insights for disease prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Key words:
- autoimmunity /
- pathogenesis /
- pathogenic microorganisms /
- molecular mimicry /
- SARS-CoV-2
作者贡献：程琳琳、李詹负责查阅文献、撰写及修订论文；李永哲负责修订论文、终审及校对。利益冲突：所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 -
表 1 自身免疫性疾病及相关病原微生物
疾病分类 相关病原微生物 器官特异性自身免疫性疾病 1型糖尿病[3] 肠道病毒/菌群，巨细胞病毒 原发性胆汁性胆管炎[4] 大肠埃希菌，幽门螺杆菌 多发性硬化症[5] EB病毒，巨细胞病毒，人疱疹病毒6型，水痘-带状疱疹病毒 系统性自身免疫性疾病 系统性红斑狼疮[6] EB病毒，水痘带状疱疹病毒，人乳头状瘤病毒，轮状病毒，肠道病毒，人内源性逆转录病毒，登革热病毒，肠道菌群，弓形虫 类风湿关节炎[7] EB病毒，巨细胞病毒，人内源性逆转录病毒，人乳头瘤病毒，胃肠道/口腔菌群 白塞病[8] 链球菌，结核分枝杆菌，幽门螺杆菌，肠道/口腔菌群，疱疹病毒科 系统性硬化症[9] EB病毒，细小病毒B19，幽门螺杆菌，巨细胞病毒，人疱疹病毒6型，逆转录病毒 干燥综合征[10] EB病毒，细小病毒B19，丙型肝炎病毒，人疱疹病毒6型，巨细胞病毒，人嗜T淋巴球病毒1型，共生菌 
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