Omicron变异株病毒学特征：关键突变、致病性、免疫逃逸

陈玉清; 李金明

doi:10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0139

Omicron变异株病毒学特征：关键突变、致病性、免疫逃逸

doi: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0139

陈玉清^1,2,
李金明^1,2, ,

1 北京医院国家老年医学中心国家卫生健康委临床检验中心中国医学科学院老年医学研究院, 北京 100730;
2 国家卫生健康委临床检验中心/北京协和医学院/中国医学科学院, 北京 100730

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通讯作者:
李金明,E-mail:jmli@nccl.org.cn

中图分类号: R446.5;R51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-09

Virological Characteristics of the Omicron Variant: Key Mutations, Pathogenicity, Immune Escape

CHEN Yuqing^1,2,
LI Jinming^{1,2
, ,}

1 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China;
2 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China

摘要

摘要: 新型冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2） Omicron变异株首次在博茨瓦纳被检出，随后造成了全世界范围内的感染人数激增。截至目前，Omicron是需要关注的SARS-CoV-2变异株中突变数量最多的毒株，已在整个基因组中发生至少50次突变。Omicron基因组发生的突变赋予病毒一定的适应性优势，如受体结合域与人类血管紧张素转化酶2受体亲和力增强导致病毒传播能力增强，病毒复制能力减弱导致在COVID-19患者中引起的症状较轻。此外，该变异株具有较高的环境稳定性，部分逃脱了来自疫苗接种或先前感染诱导的宿主免疫反应，且对大多数治疗性抗体具有较高的耐药性。本文对Omicron变异株的关键突变、病毒学特征、致病性和免疫逃逸能力进行总结，以期为完善疫情防控策略和公共卫生举措提供科学参考。
- Omicron变异株 /
- 基因突变 /
- 病毒学特征 /
- 致病性 /
- 免疫逃逸
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant was first detected in Botswana and subsequently led to a worldwide surge in infections. Until now, Omicron and its lineages were the most highly mutated strains among variants of concern (VOC) and contained at least 50 mutations in the entire genome. Mutations give the virus certain fitness advantages, such as the enhanced affinity of receptor binding domain (RBD) with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors leading to the high transmission of the virus, and the weakened ability of virus replication leading to mild symptoms in patients with COVID-19. In addition, Omicron has high environmental stability, partially escapes the host immune response induced by vaccination or prior infection, and is highly resistant to most therapeutic antibodies. In this paper, key mutations, virological characteristics, pathogenicity, and immune escape of the Omicron variant were summarized, in order to provide scientific reference for dealing with the new situation of the epidemic, as well as improving the epidemic prevention and control strategy and public health measures.
- Omicron variant /
- mutations /
- virological characteristics /
- pathogenicity /
- immune escape

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参考文献(61)

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Omicron变异株病毒学特征：关键突变、致病性、免疫逃逸

doi: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0139

通讯作者:
李金明,E-mail:jmli@nccl.org.cn

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Virological Characteristics of the Omicron Variant: Key Mutations, Pathogenicity, Immune Escape

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Omicron变异株病毒学特征：关键突变、致病性、免疫逃逸

doi: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0139

通讯作者: 李金明,E-mail:jmli@nccl.org.cn

计量

出版历程

Virological Characteristics of the Omicron Variant: Key Mutations, Pathogenicity, Immune Escape

计量

出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
李金明,E-mail:jmli@nccl.org.cn