Abstract: This study reviews the core methods and models that have emerged from the development of evidence-based medicine over the past 30 years, including the PICO question model, systematic reviews, grading of evidence quality and strength of recommendations, reporting guidelines, the 5S pyramid of evidence resources, and evidence ecosystem. The above methods and models constitute the theoretical system, promote the progress of evidence-based medicine and provide the internal impetus for its development. The clarification of the core methods and key models of evidence-based medicine will help scholars and researchers fully understand its scientific philosophy, explore its future direction in light of current development trends, achieve its renewal and iteration, and further promote the construction of evidence-based science and the development of multidisciplinary integration.