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摘要:
目的 探讨动态教学调整策略对外科临床教学量化评分的影响。 方法 以北京协和医院乳腺外科临床教学师资团队为研究对象,于2020年1—6月将课程解构、重组、模块化,并根据学员基础知识水平、课程类型、时间安排、新型冠状病毒防疫要求实施动态教学调整策略,增加线上教学课程比例。对比分析2020年与2019年同期教师总体量化评分、不同年资授课教师教学量化评分、不同类别学员教学量化评分差异。 结果 共20名教师及181名学员参与本研究。实施动态教学调整策略后,教师总体量化评分显著降低[(1.76±0.84)分比(4.91±1.15)分,t=4.85,P=0.005];不同年资教师教学量化评分均显著降低[高年资组:(0.85±0.40)分比(2.12±0.44)分,t=4.98, P=0.004;中年资组:(0.85±0.29)分比(2.06±0.53)分,t=4.51,P=0.006;低年资组:(0.10±0.16)分比(0.44±0.22)分,t=2.62,P=0.047];住院医/研究生[(0.18±0.34)分比(0.97±0.14)分,t=4.35, P=0.007]、本科生[(1.57±0.55)分比(3.77±1.24)分,t=3.62, P=0.015]教学量化评分均显著降低,但临床医学博士后的教学量化评分无显著变化[(0.00±0.00)分比(0.17±0.41)分,t=1.00,P=0.363]。 结论 动态教学调整策略对临床医学博士后的教学量化评分影响最小。该策略为节约教学资源、开展个体化高效教学提供了有效途径。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of dynamic adaptive teaching model on surgical education. Methods Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we adopted dynamic adaptive teaching model in the Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, which divided the whole curriculum into several individual modules and recombined different modules to accommodate to student's levels and schedules. Meanwhile, adaptive strategy also increased the proportion of online teaching and fully utilized electronic medical resources. The present study included quantitative teaching score (QTS) recorded from January 2020 to June 2020, and used the corresponding data from 2019 as control. The main endpoint was to explore the impact of dynamic adaptive teaching model on overall QTS and its interaction effect with trainer's experience and student category. Results Totally, 20 trainers and 181 trainees were enrolled in the present study. With implementation of dynamic adaptive strategy, the overall QTS decreased dramatically (1.76±0.84 vs. 4.91±1.15, t=4.85, P=0.005). The impact was consistent irrespective of trainers' experience (high experience trainers: 0.85±0.40 vs. 2.12±0.44, t=4.98, P=0.004; medium experience trainers: 0.85±0.29 vs. 2.06±0.53, t=4.51, P=0.006; and low experience trainers: 0.10±0.16 vs. 0.44±0.22, t=2.62, P=0.047). For resident (including graduate) and undergraduate student teaching, both QTS was lower with dynamic strategy (residents: 0.18±0.34 vs. 0.97±0.14, t=4.35, P=0.007; undergraduate students 1.57±0.55 vs. 3.77±1.24, t=3.62, P=0.015), but dynamic strategy was effective for post-doc student subgroup and reached comparable QTS as traditional model (0.00±0.00 vs. 0.17±0.41, t=1.00, P=0.363). Conclusions Dynamic adaptive teaching strategy could be a useful alternative to traditional teaching model for post-doc students. It could be a novel effective solution for saving teaching resources and providing individualized surgical teaching modality. 作者贡献:王常珺、林燕负责数据收集、论文撰写;周易冬、茅枫、沈松杰负责数据整理、统计学分析;孙强负责研究指导、论文修改。利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 -
表 1 动态教学调整策略实施前后授课策略比较
总则 2019年 2020年 授课原则 以线下教学为主 以线上教学(教学查房及专业组查房改为线上查房)为主 以讲授教学法为主结合PBL及CBL学习 将知识与技能模块化,借助电子教学资源及模拟教学模式,依据学员客观水平、授课时间、现有临床资源等客观条件作动态适应性调整 授课内容 乳腺解剖、腋窝淋巴结解剖、乳腺基本生理、女性内分泌生理、乳腺疾病诊断、基本手术操作、乳腺肿瘤病理学、乳腺癌筛查、乳腺恶性肿瘤的手术治疗、乳腺恶性肿瘤的化疗、乳腺恶性肿瘤的内分泌治疗、乳腺恶性肿瘤的靶向治疗等 在原有授课内容基础上增加循证医学证据评估体系构建、电子资源质量评估、学员自我管理及自控能力培养等内容 授课方式 课堂教学、巡诊结合教学查房 小班授课、线上授课,结合临床实践鼓励床旁及手术室实践教学 主要学习资源 教材、病历 电子数据库[电子病历(HIS数据库)、线上自主学习资源库(UpToDate数据库,PubMed数据库)]
电子教材(乳腺外科工作常规、乳腺外科基础知识讲义、乳腺外科手术方式讲义、乳腺外科值班手册)
手术及操作录像评估工具 线下考试及OSCE 网络量化评估(如临床医学博士后360°全面评估) PBL:基于问题的学习;CBL:基于病例的学习;HIS:医院信息系统;OSCE:客观结构化临床考试 表 2 教学量化评分标准
分类 评分项目 评分细则 本科生教学 综合理论授课 5分/800点,2学时 外科实验 3分/360点,3学时 见习小讲课、巡诊讲课 2分/240点,2学时 见实习带教 1分/(人·月) 入科前OSCE考试 3分/480点,4学时 外科出科考试 1.5分/240点,2学时 毕业考试 3分/480点,4学时 其他 0.5分/80点 临床医学博士后、住院医、研究生教学 月讲课 0.5分/30 min,80点 出科考试考官 1.5分/240点,2学时 年度考核+OSCE考官 3分/480点,4学时 国家执业医师考试+OSCE考官 3分/480点,4学时 北京市一阶段考试+OSCE考官 3分/480点,4学时 研究生中期考核笔试+OSCE考官 3分/480点,4学时 轮转医师带教 1分/(人·月) 博士后临床思维课程 2分/240点,2学时 其他 0.5分/80点 其他项目 招聘考试笔试+OSCE考官 3分/480点,4学时 标准化病人培训 1分/次 评分项目 评分细则 模拟技能培训 1分/180点,按教学公差计算 住院医师基地主任、副主任委员 2分/次 教学获奖 2分/次 住院医师基地评审 3分/次 外科技能大赛 1分/次 教学改革项目负责人 2分/半年 教学改革项目参与人 1分/半年 大外科脱产教秘 3分/半年 专科教秘 2分/半年 减分项目 教学事故 扣5分/次 迟到 扣1分/次 OSCE:同表 1 -
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