Clinical Trials of Rare Diseases in China over One Decade: Based on the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases
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摘要:
目的 基于我国《第一批罕见病目录》, 分析近10年我国罕见病药物临床试验现状及特点, 探讨我国罕见病药物研发面临的问题与挑战。 方法 登录国家药品监督管理局药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台(http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn), 收集自2012年11月1日(开放注册)至2021年11月28日我国《第一批罕见病目录》涵盖的121种罕见病药物临床试验信息, 从研究数量、主要研究者地域分布、研究领域、研究设计和受试者规模等多个角度分析罕见病药物临床试验现状和特点。 结果 共235项罕见病药物临床试验纳入分析, 其中Ⅰ期41项, Ⅱ期22项, Ⅲ期74项, Ⅳ期15项, 生物等效性试验77项, 其他6项。10年间, 我国罕见病药物临床试验数目整体呈逐年增长趋势, 年均增长率约为54%。早期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)临床试验共涉及16种罕见病, 主要集中于血友病、特发性肺纤维化、多发性硬化症和视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病; 研究者主要集中于北京、天津、上海等城市; Ⅰ期临床试验以单中心(61%, 25/41)平行对照(46%, 19/41)研究为主, Ⅱ期临床试验以多中心(96%, 21/22)平行对照(65%, 13/22)研究为主, Ⅲ期临床试验以多中心(99%, 73/74)单臂试验(64%, 47/74)研究为主; 临床试验受试者规模随研究分期增加而增大, Ⅰ期试验主要集中于11~50例(83%, 34/41), 59%(13/22)的Ⅱ期临床试验大于50例, 53%(39/74)的Ⅲ期临床试验为51~500例。 结论 我国罕见病药物研发尚处于起步阶段, 涉及《第一批罕见病目录》中罕见病病种较少, 但呈迅速增长趋势。目前我国罕见病药物研发仍以传统临床试验设计为主, 未来需根据疾病及药物作用机制, 探索更多新的临床研究策略, 助力罕见病药物研发蓬勃发展。 -
关键词:
- 罕见病 /
- 临床试验 /
- 药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台 /
- 中国
Abstract:Objective To explore the situation and characteristics of clinical trials of 121 rare diseases in the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases over the past 10 years and to provide reference for promoting the researchand development of orphan drugs in China. Methods The 121 rare diseases covered in the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases and Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases published in 2019 were retrieved as keywords on the National Medical Products Administration Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Studies (chinadrugtrials.org.cn) from November 1st, 2012 (Platform registration open time) to November 28th, 2021. The status and characteristics of rare disease clinical trials were analyzed from the perspectives of the number of registrations, geographical distribution, research fields, research design, and sample size. Results A total of 235 clinical trials were collected, including 41 items of phase Ⅰ, 22 items of phase Ⅱ, 74 items of phase Ⅲ, 15 items of phase Ⅳ, 77 items of bioequivalence clinical trials, and 6 clinical trials. During the past 10 years, the number of rare diseases clinical trials in China showed an increasing trend, with an annual average growth rate of about 54%. A total of 16 kinds of rare diseases in the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases were involved in the early phase (phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ) clinical trials, mainly focusing on hemophilia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica. The researchers of rare disease clinical trials were mainly in big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai. Phase Ⅰ clinical trials of rare diseases listed in the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases in China were mainly single-center(61%, 25/41) parallel controlled studies (46%, 19/41), Phase Ⅱ clinical trials were mainly multi-center parallel controlled studies (65%, 13/22), and phase Ⅲ clinical trials were mainly multi-center (99%, 73/74) single-arm trials (64%, 47/74). The sample size in clinical trials increased with the study stage. Phase Ⅰ clinical trials were mainly restricted to 11~50 cases (83%, 34/41), 59% (13/22) of phase Ⅱ clinical trials were more than 50 cases, and 53%(39/74) of phase Ⅲ clinical trials involved 51~500 cases. Conclusions The research and development of orphan drugs in China is still at an early stage, covering few rare diseases in the Chinese First List of Rare Diseases, but it has shown a rapidly growing trend in recent years. At present, the development of rare disease drugs is still based on traditional clinical trial design. It is therefore necessary to explore more new clinical research strategies according to the disease and drug mechanism to promote the development of rare disease drugs. 作者贡献:陈晨负责论文初稿撰写、数据整理分析及修订;韩晓红负责研究设计、论文审阅和修改。利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 -
表 1 2012—2021年中国《第一批罕见病目录》中罕见病临床试验分布[n(%)]
年份(年) Ⅰ期(n=41) Ⅱ期(n=22) Ⅲ期(n=74) Ⅳ期(n=15) 生物等效性试验(n=77) 其他(n=6) 2012(n=0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2013(n=2) 0(0) 0(0) 1(50) 0(0) 1(50) 0(0) 2014(n=19) 2(11) 2(11) 10(53) 1(5) 1(5) 3(16) 2015(n=10) 2(20) 1(10) 5(50) 2(20) 0(0) 0(0) 2016(n=13) 0(0) 1(8) 6(46) 1(8) 4(31) 1(8) 2017(n=28) 5(18) 0(0) 7(25) 0(0) 16(57) 0(0) 2018(n=25) 1(4) 2(8) 14(56) 0(0) 8(32) 0(0) 2019(n=36) 8(22) 3(8) 7(19) 1(3) 17(47) 0(0) 2020(n=40) 8(20) 9(23) 8(20) 6(15) 8(20) 1(3) 2021(n=62) 15(24) 4(6) 16(26) 4(6) 22(35) 1(2) 表 2 2012—2021年《第一批罕见病目录》中罕见病Ⅰ/Ⅱ期药物临床试验涉及的疾病和药物
分期 疾病 药物名称 药物分类 Ⅰ期 肌萎缩侧索硬化症 依达拉奉舌下片 (国内)化药2.2 全身型重症肌无力 Efgartigimod浓缩注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 血友病 注射用STSP-0601 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅶa (国内)治疗用生物制品2.4 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅷ-Fc融合蛋白 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 Marstacimab注射液 国外药品 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅶa (国内)治疗用生物制品2.4 重组人源化抗组织因子途径抑制物单克隆抗体 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅷ (国内)治疗用生物制品2.4 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅷ (国内)治疗用生物制品3 注射用重组人凝血因子Ⅷ-Fc融合蛋白 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 EMICIZUMAB 国外药品 Benefix贝赋 国外药品 BBM-H901注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症 MIL86注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 特发性肺动脉高压 MN-08片 (国内)化药1 特发性肺纤维化 SHR-1906注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 HW021199 (国内)化药1 SC1011片 (国内)化药1 ZSP1603胶囊 (国内)化药1 AK3280片 (国内)化药1 盐酸伊非尼酮片 (国内)化药1 FTP-198片 (国内)化药1 吡非尼酮片 (国内)化药3 苹果酸法米替尼胶囊 (国内)化药1 Leber遗传性视神经病变 NR082眼用注射液 国外药品 多发性硬化症 ZD03胶囊 (国内)化药1 盐酸芬戈莫德胶囊 (国内)化药3 特立氟胺 国外药品 视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病 HBM9161(HL161BKN)注射液 国外药品 BAT4406F注射液 (国内)化药1 ACT001胶囊 (国内)化药1 克罗恩病 CBP-307胶囊 (国内)化药1 Ⅱ期 肌萎缩侧索硬化症 藿苓生肌颗粒 (国内)中药 硝酮嗪片 (国内)化药1 Castleman's病 注射用CNTO328, 抗白细胞介素-6单克隆抗体 国外药品 戈谢病 Venglustat 国外药品 全身型重症肌无力 HBM9161(HL161BKN)注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症 注射用SHR-1209 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 AK102注射液 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 特发性肺纤维化 盐酸伊非尼酮片 (国内)化药1 BI1015550薄膜包衣片 国外药品 盐酸杰克替尼片 (国内)化药1 BIBF 1120 国外药品 吡非尼酮片 (国内)化药3 吡非尼酮片 (国内)化药3 多发性硬化症 奥布替尼片 (国内)化药2.4 注射用重组人B淋巴细胞刺激因子受体-抗体融合蛋白 (国内)治疗用生物制品1 视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病 SHR1459片 (国内)化药1 Risdiplam口服溶液用粉末 国外药品 RO7034067口服溶液用粉末 国外药品 Dravet综合征 TAK-935片 国外药品 朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症 RX208(HLX208)片 (国内)化药1 Erdheim-Chester病 RX208(HLX208)片 (国内)化药1 表 3 2012—2021年《第一批罕见病目录》中罕见病药物临床试验设计情况[n(%)]
分期 参与中心 研究设计 单臂 平行 交叉 Ⅰ期(n=41) 国内单中心 8(20) 14(34) 3(7) 国内多中心 7(17) 5(12) 4(10) Ⅱ期(n=22) 国内单中心 1(5) 0(0) 0(0) 国内多中心 3(14) 9(41) 0(0) 国际多中心 4(18) 4(18) 1(5) Ⅲ期(n=74) 国内单中心 1(1) 0(0) 0(0) 国内多中心 39(53) 6(8) 0(0) 国际多中心 7(9) 19(26) 2(3) 表 4 2012—2021年《第一批罕见病目录》中罕见病药物临床试验受试者规模[n(%)]
临床试验分期 受试者人数 合计 <10 11~50 51~100 101~500 >500 NA Ⅰ期(n=41) 1(2) 34(83) 5(12) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2) 41 Ⅱ期(n=22) 2(9) 6(27) 5(23) 8(36) 0(0) 1(5) 22 Ⅲ期(n=74) 0(0) 23(31) 21(28) 18(24) 8(11) 4(5) 74 NA:未填写受试者人数信息 -
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