Abstract: Coronary microvascular disease(CMVD)is the main cause of myocardial ischemia in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiological mechanism due to the hidden pathogenesis and complex etiologies, which greatly restricts its clinical diagnosis and treatment. The injury of coronary artery microvascular endothelial cells is central to the induction of CMVD, and various inflammatory factors can participate in the pathogenesis of CMVD through the endothelial cell injury pathway. This article mainly reviews the possible mechanisms of inflammatory response in CMVD, in the hope of providing reference for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CMVD.