Abstract: The rapid development of targeted therapy has made a revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Compared with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy can significantly increase the five-year survival rate and improve the prognosis of NSCLC patients. In addition to the common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation genes, there are many rare targets for targeted therapy in Chinese lung cancer population, such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), etc. In recent years, newly developed medicines for these rare targets have been continuously updated and entered clinical use one after another and have achieved amazing effects. This paper reviews and summarizes the latest research progress of targeted therapy targeting ALK, MET and HER2, in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of NSCLC.