Abstract: Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive subtype, with a median overall survival of less than two years. The combination of high treatment costs and dismal prognosis imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families and society at large. Over the past two decades, apart from the international recognition of tumor treating fields (TTF), there have been no fundamental breakthroughs in the overall therapeutic landscape for glioma. Given that the pathogenesis and treatment response of glioma vary across populations, systematically focusing on research advances made by investigators in China may help generate clinical and translational data that more accurately reflect the characteristics of Chinese patients, thereby informing the development of more tailored treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize recent representative studies on glioma in 2025, with a particular focus on work led by investigators in China, covering integrated diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, disease mechanisms, imaging and emerging diagnostic technologies, conventional multimodal treatment strategies, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and clinical trials, with the aim of providing clinicians with conceptual frameworks for research and practical insights for patient management.