Abstract: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major infectious disease that seriously endangers public health, and its samples and associated data constitute critical scientific research resources. Given that AIDS is a Class B infectious disease and its pathogen, the human immunodeficiency virus, is a highly pathogenic microorganism, standardized, and high-quality preservation of samples is a fundamental prerequisite for conducting translational medicine research on AIDS, elucidating its pathogenesis, and guiding clinical treatment. The Clinical Data and Biobank Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association organized experts from multiple infectious disease medical institutions and centers for disease control and prevention in China to systematically summarize practical experience in AIDS sample preservation. Integrating the latest research advancements, they collaboratively developed the Expert Consensus on the Preservation Practice of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Samples (2026 Edition). This consensus focuses on elucidating the fundamental safeguards for AIDS sample preservation, including system documentation, ethical norms, and biosafety, as well as key management points such as sample collection, processing, storage, information management, and quality assessment. It aims to provide guidance for the standardized preservation and utilization of AIDS sample resources in China, thereby supporting the efficient advancement of AIDS scientific research and prevention and control efforts.