Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolism disease， with a complex pathogenesis that has not been fully elucidated yet. In recent years， studies have found that the Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4) signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. TLR4 is an important immune receptor， mainly expressed in immune cells and involved in the body's inflammatory and immune responses. In osteoporosis， the TLR4 signaling pathway can affect bone metabolism and remodeling through various mechanisms. Therefore， exploring the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway in osteoporosis is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Research on the TLR4 signaling pathway provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of osteoporosis. Future research should further explore the mechanism of action of the TLR4 signaling pathway， develop more therapeutic drugs that regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway， and verify their efficacy in osteoporosis through clinical trials， providing more options for clinical treatment of osteoporosis.