Abstract: Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors serve as critical signaling hubs, initiating downstream autophagy-related gene expression in response to various growth factors and participating in mitochondrial autophagy, thereby influencing cellular damage and repairing processes in acute and chronic kidney diseases. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO transcription factors and their impacts on autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy, aiming to explore the prospects of FOXO-induced mitochondrial autophagy in the treatment of renal diseases.