存在腰弯的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者站立位及步行中骨盆冠状面倾斜程度分析

Pelvic Obliquity During Standing and Walking in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Lumbar Curvature

  • 摘要:
      目的  评估存在腰弯的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者步态周期中骨盆冠状面倾斜程度。
      方法  回顾性纳入2020年9月—2023年2月北京协和医院康复医学科存在腰弯的AIS患者及同期微小弯患者(Cobb角<10°)。根据协和保守分型系统及全脊柱正位X线片,纳入存在腰弯的AIS患者。以双侧髂嵴作为骨盆冠状面的骨性标志点,测量患者站立位及步行周期中双侧髂嵴高度及其变化值,以评估存在腰弯的AIS患者骨盆冠状面倾斜程度。
      结果  共入选符合纳入与排除标准的存在腰弯的AIS患者209例、微小弯患者36例。存在腰弯的AIS患者组站立位髂嵴较高侧与脊柱凸侧之间关系“一致”(凸侧的髂嵴低于凹侧)的比例显著高于微小弯患者(58.9%比30.6%,P=0.002)。存在腰弯的AIS患者在整个步态周期中双侧髂嵴高度(支撑相最小值、支撑相最大值、摆动相最小值及摆动相最大值)变化值均具有统计学差异(P均<0.001),且凸侧的髂嵴高度变化值明显高于凹侧(P均<0.05),而微小弯患者在整个步态周期中双侧髂嵴高度变化值均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。
      结论  存在腰弯的AIS患者站立位腰椎凸侧的髂嵴高度低于凹侧,在步行中骨盆凸侧髂嵴变化值大于凹侧以维持身体平衡,可为存在腰弯的AIS患者康复治疗提供新的干预方向。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To evaluate the severity and features of pelvic coronal plane tilt in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who had lumbar curvature during the gait cycle.
      Methods  AIS patients with lumbar curvature and patients with microcurvature (Cobb Angle less than 10 degrees) treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively included. According to PUMC conservative classification system and Spinal Full-length Standing X-ray, AIS patients with lumbar curvature were enrolled. The bilateral iliac crest was used as the bony marker of the pelvic coronal surface, and the bilateral iliac crest height and its changes were measured during the standing position and walking cycle, so as to evaluate the degree of pelvic coronal tilt in AIS patients with lumbar curvature.
      Results  A total of 209 AIS patients with lumbar curvature and 36 patients with microcurvature who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The proportion of AIS patients with lumbar curvature who had a "congruent" relationship between the higher iliac crest and the convex side of the spine in standing position (iliac crest lower on the convex side than on the concave side) was significantly higher in AIS patients with lumbar curvature than patients with microcurvature(58.9% vs. 30.6%, P=0.002). AIS patients with lumbar curvature had statistically different bilateral iliac crest height change values throughout the gait cycle (including minimum, maximum, swing phase minimum, and swing phase maximum) (all P < 0.001), and the iliac crest height change values on the convex side were significantly higher than those on the concave side (all P < 0.05), whereas the patients with microcurvature did not have any statistically significant bilateral iliac crest height change values throughout the gait cycle (all P > 0.05).
      Conclusion  The height of the iliac crest on the convex side of the lumbar spine is lower than that on the concave side in the standing position of AIS patients with lumbar curvature, and the value of the change of the iliac crest on the convex side of the pelvis is greater than that on the concave side in walking to maintain the balance of the body, which may provide a new direction for the intervention in the clinical rehabilitation treatment of AIS patients with lumbar curvature.

     

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