Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are adult stem cells that possess the ability of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. They can be found in multiple tissue types, including adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord. MSCs can exert the effects of tissue repair, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and anti-fibrosis through differentiation or paracrine function. Promising therapeutic effects of MSCs on skin aging, alopecia, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and anti-fibrosis have been observed. In general, MSCs exhibit favorable therapeutic effects and safety, but scrutinized research and clinical trials are still needed to reveal the mechanism of action as well as long-term efficacy and safety.