Abstract: With the progress of detection technology, the incidence rate of thrombosis in various diseases is increasing. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are commonly used anticoagulants in the clinic. UFH has a short half-life, no nephrotoxicity, and antagonists. LMWH has a long half-life, and only needs to be monitored in some special persons, such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly people. At present, among oral anticoagulants, in addition to warfarin and other traditional oral anticoagulants, there are also many anticoagulants targeting factor Ⅹa, such as rivaroxaban. More and more attention has been paid to the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy. Activated partial thromboplastin time was used to monitor heparin in the past, but LMWH and new anti-Ⅹa anticoagulants are not well monitored. With the deepening understanding of anticoagulant therapy, anti-Ⅹa as a monitoring means can be used to monitor anti-Ⅹa drugs, and the scope of use is wider and wider. However, due to the lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials, it is difficult to correlate anti-Ⅹa activity with clinical manifestations.