Abstract: Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) is one of the common complications after surgery and unfavourable for postoperative recovery. As an important part of anesthesia, the management of PONV is also a part of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS). With the continuous renewal and development of ERAS concept, the understanding, prevention and treatment of PONV have been improved among medical workers. In August 2020, the Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting was released. This guideline has been updated for the overall management of PONV to provide multimodal management strategies, which mainly include recognition of risk factors, risk stratification, prevention measures and remedial treatment of PONV in adults and children. With a view to providing clinical reference for the standardized management of PONV in adults and children, this paper makes a detailed interpretation of the key points and updated contents of the guidelines.