Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common complications during pregnancy and an important factor affecting the health of mothers and babies. The level of vitamin D during pregnancy is related to glucose metabolism, which suggests that vitamin D may be involved in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus. This review provides an overview of the correlation between vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus, as well as current status of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention for pregnant women in China. Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women. The existing research on this topic is still controversial. High-quality randomized controlled trials with large samples are needed in the future to improve the explanation of clinical trials. The role of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus is worth anticipation.