Thyrotoxicosis Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come out in recent years as a breakthrough of the treatments for malignant tumors by regulating T cells with the purpose of enhancing their anti-tumor response, which can improve prognosis and increase survival. However, thyrotoxicosis caused by ICIs has become a clinical problem that cannot be ignored. This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifesta-tions, and treatments of ICIs associated thyrotoxicosis.