Abstract: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a group of severe complications with a poor prognosis and high mortality caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its lesions involve the nervous system and cause neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms. Unique autoantibodies detected in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with NPSLE are associated with the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders. The prevalence of NPSLE ranges from 17% to 75% in SLE. This article reviewed the latest progress and focused on the current state of knowledge and the potential clinical value of anti-ribosomal P antibody, antiphospholipid antibody, anti-neuronal antibody, and other related antibodies in NPSLE with central nervous involvement.