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A Sampling Survey of Oral Health Status among the 12-year-old Children in Hainan Province (2015—2016)
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摘要:
目的 了解海南省12岁儿童口腔健康状况，为口腔卫生预防保健工作提供参考。 方法 2015年12月至2016年6月，采用多阶段分层随机抽样法抽取海南省城乡12岁常住人口为调查对象。根据“第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查”方案，采用平面口镜和社区牙周指数探针检查其全口恒牙冠患龋和牙周情况，计算患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比、窝沟封闭率、牙龈出血和牙石检出率。 结果 共595名12岁儿童纳入本研究，均为在校中学生，其中男童297人，女童298人；城市358人，乡村237人。恒牙患龋率为57.0%(339/595)、龋均为1.71(1020/595)、龋补充填比为13.6%(139/1019)、窝沟封闭率为1.5%(9/595)、牙龈出血检出率为46.9%(279/595)、牙石检出率为39.5%(235/595)。患龋占比(前6位)由高至低依次为左下第一磨牙(18.4%)、右下第一磨牙(18.1%)、左上中切牙(7.8%)、右上第一磨牙(7.7%)、右上中切牙(7.6%)、左上第一磨牙(7.3%)。乡村儿童的患龋率(63.3%比52.8%，P=0.011)、龋均(2.04比1.50，P=0.008)高于城市儿童，牙龈出血检出率低于城市儿童(40.9%比50.8%，P=0.018)，龋补充填比(12.0%比15.1%，P=0.143)、窝沟封闭率(0.4%比2.2%，P=0.076)、牙石检出率(35.4%比42.2%，P=0.100)与城市儿童差异均无统计学意义。男童的患龋率低于女童(52.9%比61.1%，P=0.043)，龋补充填比(16.7%比11.2%，P=0.011)、牙龈出血检出率(52.9%比40.9%，P=0.004)高于女童，龋均(1.54比1.89，P=0.061)、窝沟封闭率(1.3%比1.7%，P=0.741)、牙石检出率(41.1%比37.9%，P=0.431)与女童差异无统计学意义。 结论 海南省12岁儿童恒牙患龋率高，龋补充填比和窝沟封闭率低，牙周卫生状况较差，应结合城乡和性别差异进一步制定针对性口腔保健措施。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the oral health status of the 12-year-old population in Hainan province, and provide information supporting oral health care. Methods From December 2015 to June 2016, 12-year-old residents in urban and rural areas of Hainan province were selected by the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling of equal capacity. According to the program of the fourth national epidemiological survey of oral health, dental caries and periodontal conditions of permanent crowns in the whole mouth were examined by dental mirror and community periodontal index probe. The rate of caries prevalence, the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), the rate of filling, the rate of pit and fissure sealing, the rate of gingival bleeding and the rate of dental calculus detection were calculated. Results A total of 595 children, 297 males and 298 females, aged 12, in Hainan province were examined in this study, 358 of them from urban areas and 237 from rural areas. All of them are middle school students. The rate of caries prevalence was 57.0% (339/595), the mean DMFT was 1.71 (1020/595), the rate of filling was 13.6% (139/1019), the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 1.5% (9/595), the rate of gingival bleeding was 46.9% (279/595), and the rate of dental calculus detection was 39.5% (235/595). The proportion of caries from the highest to the lowest were the left lower first molar (18.4%), the right lower first molar (18.1%), the left upper central incisor (7.8%), the right upper first molar (7.7%), the right upper central incisor (7.6%), and the left upper first molar (7.3%). The rate of caries prevalence (63.3% vs. 52.8%, P=0.011) and mean DMFT (2.04 vs. 1.50, P=0.008) of rural children were higher than those of urban children. The rate of gingival bleeding (40.9% vs. 50.8%, P=0.018) of rural children was lower than that of urban children. There were no significant differences in the rate of filling (12.0% vs. 15.1%, P=0.143), the rate of pit and fissure sealing (0.4% vs. 2.2%, P=0.076) and the rate of dental calculus detection (35.4% vs. 42.2%, P=0.100) between the rural children and the urban children. The rate of caries prevalence of male children (52.9% vs. 61.1%, P=0.043) was lower than that of female children. The rate of filling (16.7% vs. 11.2%, P=0.011) and the rate of gingival bleeding (52.9% vs. 40.9%, P=0.004) of male children were higher than those of female children. There were no significant differences in the mean DMFT (1.54 vs. 1.89, P=0.061), the rate of pit and fissure sealing (1.3% vs. 1.7%, P=0.741), and the rate of dental calculus detection (41.1% vs. 37.9%, P=0.431) between the male children and the female children. Conclusions The prevalence of permanent teeth caries in the 12-year-old population in Hainan province was high. Most of the decayed teeth were not filled. And the sealant rate of pits and ditches was low. Their periodontal health was poor. Targeted oral health measures should be further developed in the light of the urban-rural and gender differences. 作者贡献: 王媛媛负责口腔检查、数据分析、论文撰写与修改；谢莉莉负责项目督导、数据录入、论文修改；郭冬梅、郭秋云、全涛负责口腔检查、数据录入、论文修改；谢奇负责项目统筹安排、论文修改；包柏成负责数据分析、论文撰写与修改。利益冲突: 无 -
表 1 2015—2016年海南省12岁儿童龋补充填情况和窝沟封闭情况
指标 受检人数
(n)龋补充填情况 χ2值 P值 窝沟封闭情况 χ2值 P值 龋齿数(颗) 补牙数(颗) 龋补充填比(%) 窝沟封闭人数(n) 封闭率(%) 地区 2.15 0.143 3.145 0.076 城市 358 454 81 15.1 8 2.2 乡村 237 426 58 12.0 1 0.4 性别 6.545 0.011 0.109 0.741 男童 297 379 76 16.7 4 1.3 女童 298 501 63 11.2 5 1.7 
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表 2 2015—2016年海南省12岁儿童牙周情况
指标 受检人数
(n)牙龈出血 χ2值 P值 牙石 χ2值 P值 检出人数
(n)检出牙数
(颗)检出率
(%)检出人数
(n)检出牙数
(颗)检出率
(%)地区 5.623 0.018 2.707 0.100 城市 358 182 780 50.8 151 522 42.2 乡村 237 97 479 40.9 84 306 35.4 性别 8.490 0.004 0.621 0.431 男童 297 157 738 52.9 122 461 41.1 女童 298 122 521 40.9 113 367 37.9
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