Abstract: The history of surgery is, to a certain extent, a history of the game between surgeons and surgical complications. The initial invention of aseptic techniques, anesthesiology, and antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of surgical complications, which made modern surgery completed the conversion from "high mortality" to "high success rate". From a medical point of view, advances in medical technology, surgical treatment strategies, and treatment concepts have played a key role in reducing surgical complications. In terms of education, the standardized training system for residents, i.e. the "Three Basics and Three Restrictions", is not only an important cornerstone for becoming an excellent surgeon, but also an important guarantee for the quality of surgery and patient safety. From the perspective of management, the concept of "multidisciplinary team", the establishment of a medical safety system, and optimization of surgical procedures effectively reduce the incidence of surgical complications. In short, our surgeons must always attach great importance to the occurrence and prevention of surgical complications. Change our minds, lay emphasis on prevention, and strive to reduce the incidence of surgical complications to a lower level.