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摘要:
目的 通过大规模人群调查探讨藏族和汉族青少年身体成分状况的差异。 方法 采用分层二阶段整群抽样的原则在四川省随机抽取1440名年龄10~18岁生活在海拔3000 m以上高原地区的藏族青少年(n=707)和生活在低海拔地区的汉族青少年(n=733)。用Biodynamics BI-310身体成份分析仪对青少年进行身体成分检测。 结果 藏族青少年的平均身高略低于汉族(男性:150.06 cm比154.03 cm, P < 0.001;女性:147.28 cm比151.06 cm, P < 0.001)。藏族青少年男性的平均体重和体重指数与汉族差异均无统计学意义; 藏族青少年女性的平均体重和汉族差异无统计学意义, 但其体重指数略大(19.33 kg/m2比18.46 kg/m2, P < 0.001)。藏族青少年男性和女性的瘦体重都显著低于汉族(男性:35.20 kg比39.05 kg, P < 0.001;女性:32.25 kg比35.60 kg, P < 0.001), 而脂肪体重明显高于汉族(男性:5.90 kg比3.40 kg, P < 0.001;女性:9.65 kg比7.25 kg, P < 0.001);藏族青少年的脂肪体重指数显著高于汉族, 但去脂体重指数显著较低。藏族青少年男性和女性的脂肪百分比分别比汉族高6.62%和6.42%(P均 < 0.001)。10~17岁藏族青少年的脂肪百分比始终比同性别同年龄组的汉族青少年高4%~7%。 结论 生长在高原地区的藏族青少年因遗传和环境等多种因素导致其身体成分状况不同于长期生活在平原地区的汉族青少年。藏族青少年的脂肪百分比始终高于同性别同年龄的汉族青少年。 Abstract:Objective To compare body composition between Tibetan adolescents and Han adolescents with a large-scale population survey. Methods Totally, 707 Tibetan adolescent living in a 3000-meter-altitude area and 733 Han adolescents living in a low-altitude area, all aged from 10-18 years, were surveyed in Sichuan province with two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Their body composition were arrayed with Biodynamics BI-310 body composition analyzer. Results The average height of Tibetan adolescents was lower than that of Hans (male:150.06 cm vs. 154.03 cm, P < 0.001; female:147.28 cm vs. 151.06 cm, P < 0.001). There were not significant differences in body weight and body mass index in boys; the body weight in girls also showed nosignificant difference, while Tibetan girls' body mass index was bigger than that of Hans (19.33 kg/m2 vs. 18.46 kg/m2, P < 0.001). The lean body mass of Tibetan adolescents was significantly smaller than that of Hans (male:35.20 kg vs. 39.05 kg, P < 0.001; female:32.25 kg vs. 35.60 kg, P < 0.001), but fat body weight of Tibetan adolescents was significantly larger than that of Hans(male:5.90 kg vs. 3.40 kg, P < 0.001; female:9.65 kg vs. 7.25 kg, P < 0.001). Fat mass index of Tibetan adolescents was higher than that of Hans, but fat-free mass index in Tibetan adolescents was significantly lower. The body fat percentages of Tibetan boys and girls were higher than Han adolescents by 6.62%(14.89% vs. 8.27%, P < 0.001) and 6.42%(23.26% vs. 16.84%, P < 0.001), respectively. In the age range of 10-17 years, body fat percentage of Tibetan adolescents was larger by 4% to 7% than that of Han adolescents in all age groups in both sexes. Conclusions The body compositions of Tibetan adolescents living in high-altitude areas may be significantly different from that of Hans living in low-altitude areas because of genetic, environmental, and other factors. Tibetan adolescents have higher body fat percentage compared with Han adolescents in same age and sex. -
Key words:
- body composition /
- body fat percentage /
- Tibetan /
- adolescents /
- high-altitude
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表 1 藏族和汉族青少年身体成分指标比较
指标 民族 男性 女性 n (x±s)/M(Q1,Q3) t/Z值 P值 n (x±s)/M(Q1,Q3) t/Z值 P值 身高(cm) 藏族 307 150.06±14.45 3.733 <0.001 394 147.28±10.60 5.204 <0.001 汉族 369 154.03±12.96 363 151.06±9.41 体重(kg) 藏族 309 42.52±10.85 1.748 0.081 398 42.56±10.02 0.005 0.996 汉族 369 43.96±10.48 364 42.55±9.07 BMI(kg/m2) 藏族 307 18.54±1.86 1.484 0.149 394 19.33±2.60 4.668 <0.001 汉族 369 18.29±2.48 363 18.46±2.52 身体总水分(kg) 藏族 309 25.85±7.15 4.901 <0.001 393 23.57±3.90 6.088 <0.001 汉族 369 28.53± 7.05 398 25.27±3.80 含水量占体重百分比(%) 藏族 308 60.51±4.07 12.050 <0.001 362 56.47±5.35 9.572 <0.001 汉族 368 64.86±5.29 398 60.34±5.80 水分占瘦体重百分比(%) 藏族 309 71.35±1.81 5.507 <0.001 362 73.57±3.40 4.211 <0.001 汉族 368 72.15±1.92 398 72.64±2.73 代谢率(kJ) 藏族 309 4613.07±1336.20 4.173 <0.001 362 4117.85±842.49 5.574 <0.001 汉族 369 5030.93±1266.16 398 4448.47±790.15 电阻抗值(Ω) 藏族 309 2614.12±90.85 7.975 <0.001 364 686.21±75.51 11.153 <0.001 汉族 368 560.83±81.26 394 628.74±66.30 FFMI(kg/m2) 藏族 307 15.75±1.94 4.202 <0.001 364 14.71± 1.53 4.528 <0.001 汉族 368 16.39±2.00 394 15.22± 1.56 FMI(kg/m2) 藏族 306 2.70(2.04, 3.52) 10.212 <0.001 363 4.35(3.50, 5.56) 11.160 <0.001 汉族 368 1.46(0.62, 2.62) 394 3.08(2.14, 4.30) 瘦体重(kg) 藏族 309 35.20(27.15, 45.00) 4.179 <0.001 363 32.25(27.18, 37.03) 5.602 <0.001 汉族 368 39.05(31.23, 47.50) 398 35.60(30.73, 39.20) 脂肪体重(kg) 藏族 308 5.90(4.63, 7.60) 9.784 <0.001 364 9.65(6.88, 13.20) 11.160 <0.001 汉族 368 3.40(1.70, 6.10) 398 7.25(4.60, 10.30) 脂肪百分比(%) 藏族 308 14.89(11.28, 19.35) 10.397 <0.001 364 23.26(20.00, 26.76) 12.884 <0.001 汉族 368 8.27(3.68, 14.60) 398 16.84(12.68, 21.89) BMI:体重指数;FFMI:去脂体重指数;FMI:脂肪体重指数 表 2 各年龄段藏族和汉族青少年脂肪百分比比较
年龄(岁) 民族 男性 女性 n (x±s)/M(Q1,Q3) Z值 P值 n (x±s)/M(Q1,Q3) Z值 P值 10 藏族 24 17.9(14.7, 20.4) 2.108 <0.001 39 20.3(16.7, 22.8) 5.271 <0.001 汉族 48 13.8(7.9, 19.7) 63 12.7(10.7, 16.3) 11 藏族 30 18.8(16.4, 21.2) 3.940 <0.001 51 20.1(17.5, 23.0) 5.451 <0.001 汉族 49 12.9(8.0, 17.5) 39 13.5(10.6, 16.3) 12 藏族 49 16.8(14.4, 20.7) 3.969 <0.001 55 20.1(16.6, 22.7) 3.771 <0.001 汉族 39 10.1(4.8, 16.4) 42 14.7(10.1, 18.6) 13 藏族 42 14.8(12.9, 19.9) 4.099 <0.001 68 22.7(20.3, 26.1) 6.668 <0.001 汉族 56 9.4(3.9, 15.0) 47 14.0(10.3, 19.2) 14 藏族 47 16.1(10.7, 20.2) 4.879 <0.001 64 25.7(21.0, 29.4) 4.725 <0.001 汉族 65 7.3(3.1, 12.4) 42 19.5(15.1, 23.4) 15 藏族 44 13.1(10.1, 16.3) 3.977 <0.001 53 26.2(22.6, 29.2) 3.601 <0.001 汉族 32 5.5(3.0, 12.3) 31 21.9(19.4, 21.6) 16 藏族 32 11.8(9.0, 16.7) 5.470 <0.001 35 25.6(23.6, 28.5) 5.616 <0.001 汉族 38 3.2(3.0, 8.1) 55 20.8(16.8, 23.2) 17 藏族 40 11.4(7.8, 14.1) 4.161 <0.001 33 26.8(24.6, 29.6) 5.952 <0.001 汉族 41 5.2(3.0, 8.6) 45 20.2(16.5, 22.9) -
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