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表 1 影响铁生物利用率的因素
促进铁吸收的因素 抑制铁吸收的因素 ·血红素铁, 存在于肉、鱼、家禽和海鲜中 ·肌醇六磷酸(植酸), 存在于谷糠、谷粒、坚果和种子中 ·维生素C, 存在于果汁、土豆及某些蔬菜, 如绿叶菜、菜花和卷心菜中 ·高肌醇含量的食物, 如全麦面包、玉米粉、燕麦粉等 ·某些蕨类植物或发芽食物, 如蕨菜、萝卜芽 ·含有鞣酸的食物, 如杮子、葡萄、李子等 ·强化铁食品, 如酱油、调味品 ·钙, 尤其是来源于奶或奶制品的钙 
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[1] World Health Organization, United Nations University, UNICEF.Iron deficiency anaemia.assessment, prevention andcontrol. A guide for programme managers(WHO/ NHD/01.3) [S/OL].(2001)[2011-02-09].http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHONHD01.3.pdf. [2] 中国儿童、孕妇、育龄妇女铁缺乏症流行病学调查协作组.中国孕妇、育龄妇女铁缺乏症患病率调查[J].中华血液学杂志, 2004, 11:653-657. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zhxyx200411004 [3] Horton S, Ross J.The economics of iron deficiency[J]. Food Policy, 2003, 28:51-75. doi: 10.1016/S0306-9192(02)00070-2 [4] Ren A, Wang J, Ye RW, et al.Low first-trimester hemoglobin and low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age newborns[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2007, 98:124-128. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.05.011 [5] Milman N.Iron and pregnancy—a delicate balance[J]. Ann Hematol, 2006, 85:559-565. doi: 10.1007/s00277-006-0108-2 [6] Nordic Council of Ministers.Nordic nutrition recommendations 2004.Integrating nutrition and physical activity[M]. 4 th ed.Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.2005. http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publications/2004-013. [7] Milman N.Iron prophylaxis in pregnancy—general or individual and in which dose? [J].Ann Hematol, 2006, 85: 821-828. doi: 10.1007/s00277-006-0145-x [8] Makrides M, Crowther CA, Gibson RA, et al.Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose iron supplements during pregnancy:a randomized controlled trial[J].Am J Clin Nutr, 2003, 78:145-153. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.1.145 [9] Milman N, Bergholt T, Eriksen L, et al.Iron prophylaxis during pregnancy-how much iron is needed? Arandomized, controlled study of 20 to 80 mg ferrous iron daily to pregnant women[J].Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2005, 84:238- 247. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00610.x [10] Milmann N.Prepartum anaemia:prevention and treatment [J].Ann Hematol, 2008, 87:949-959. doi: 10.1007/s00277-008-0518-4 [11] Zhou SJ, Gibson RA, Crowther CA, et al.Should we lower the dose of iron when treating anaemia in pregnancy? A randomized dose-response trial[J].Eur J Clin Nutr, 2009, 63:183-190. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602926 [12] al-Ragip A, Unlubilgin E, Kandemir O, et al.Intravenous versus oral iron for treatment of anaemia in pregnancy:a randomized trial[J].Obstet Gynecol, 2005, 106:1335- 1340. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000185260.82466.b4 [13] Breymann C, Honegger C, Holzgreve W, et al.Diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia during pregnancy and postpartum [J].ArchGynecolObstet, 2010, 282: 577-580. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577752 [14] Beris P, Maniatis A.Guidelines on intravenous iron supplementation in surgery and obstetrics/gynecology[J].TATM transfus A ltern Transfus Med, 2007, 9(Suppl1):29. -
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