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Research Progress of Skin Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Their Materials in Wound Repair
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摘要: 近年来，皮肤组织工程技术为大面积创面修复提供了新的治疗思路。皮肤组织再生主要基于使用合适的组织支架，支架可细分为多孔、纤维、微球、水凝胶、脱细胞等几种类型，而支架材料又分为天然和合成两种，单一材料具有局限性，目前临床大多采用由两种及以上材料构成的复合材料。深入认识当前各种生物材料和支架的性能、优缺点，探索构建性能更佳的生物材料和支架，是未来皮肤组织工程研究的重要方向。本文对不同组织支架及支架材料在皮肤组织工程中的研究进展以及应用价值进行综述，以期为创面修复领域临床应用与研发提供参考。Abstract: In recent years, skin tissue engineering technology has provided new treatment ideas for large-area wound repair. Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the use of appropriate tissue scaffolds. There are several types of scaffolds, such as porous, fibrous, microsphere, hydrogel, and acellular scaffolds. Scaffold materials include natural materials and synthetic materials, but either type of single material has its own limitations. At present, most scaffolds are composed of two or more materials to form composites. Therefore an important direction of skin tissue engineering research in the future involves deeply understanding the properties, advantages and disadvantages of the various biomaterials and scaffolds currently used and exploring the construction of biomaterials and scaffolds with better performance. This article reviews the research progress and application value of different tissue scaffolds and scaffold materials in skin tissue engineering, in order to provide reference for clinical application and research and development in the field of wound repair.
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Key words:
- scaffolds /
- biomaterials /
- synthetic /
- natural /
- polymers /
- skin /
- wound healing /
- tissue engineering
作者贡献：张思宇负责文献检索与论文撰写；马诗淇负责论文修订；王梦慈、李晓艺负责提取文献信息与整合；冯树梅提供写作思路、负责论文修订。利益冲突：所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 -
表 2 合成生物材料及其优缺点
材料名称 优点 缺点 聚己内酯 具有较好的机械性能，降解缓慢，各种技术易于形成，水溶液中具备无收缩结构，成本低 疏水性，表面微观结构中无细胞识别位点[42] 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 具有生物相容性[43] 具有超亲水性，伤口表面的水分可使其溶解[43] 聚乙二醇 植入后的免疫反应低，有助于在受伤后密封细胞膜，可限制细胞死亡[44] 细胞附着位点少 聚乳酸 可生物降解，具有生物相容性的聚合物，机械强度高，适合作为封装生物活性化合物的载体[45] 降解为酸性成分，导致局部酸度高，可能会破坏蛋白质，降解速度快 聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物 无定形，可生物降解，具有与正常组织相似的特性 可能会经历塑性变形和失效 
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